本文参考的 LaTeX 命令汇总博客
https://haolaoshi.blog.csdn.net/article/details/89531570
https://blog.csdn.net/cg129054036/article/details/118862823
https://blog.csdn.net/cclethe/article/details/79022216
模式
内联模式
内联模式(inline mode),也就是行内公式块
分隔符一般是 $,如
$ax+by=c$
外显模式
外显模式(display mode),也就是独立公式/行间公式块
分隔符一般是 $$,如:
$$
ax+by=c
$$
展示样式
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|---|
外显模式样式 | A B C \displaystyle{ABC} ABC | \displaystyle{} |
内联模式样式1 | A B C \textstyle{ABC} ABC | \textstyle{} |
内联模式样式2 | A B C \scriptstyle{ABC} ABC | \scriptstyle{} |
内联模式样式3 | A B C \scriptscriptstyle{ABC} ABC | \scriptscriptstyle{} |
字母/文字/字体
希腊字母
含义/预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|
α A \alpha A αA | \alpha A |
β B \beta B βB | \beta B |
γ Γ \gamma \Gamma γΓ | \gamma \Gamma |
δ Δ \delta \Delta δΔ | \delta \ Delta |
ϵ ε E \epsilon \varepsilon E ϵεE | \epsilon \varepsilon E |
ζ Z \zeta Z ζZ | \zeta Z |
η H \eta H ηH | \eta H |
θ ϑ Θ \theta \vartheta \Theta θϑΘ | \theta \vartheta \Theta |
ι I \iota I ιI | \iota I |
κ K \kappa K κK | \kappa K |
λ Λ \lambda \Lambda λΛ | \lambda \Lambda |
μ M \mu M μM | \mu M |
ξ Ξ \xi \Xi ξΞ | \xi \Xi |
o O o O oO | o O |
π Π \pi \Pi πΠ | \pi \Pi |
ρ ϱ P \rho \varrho P ρϱP | \rho \varrho P |
σ Σ \sigma \Sigma σΣ | \sigma \Sigma |
τ T \tau T τT | \tau T$ |
υ Υ \upsilon \Upsilon υΥ | \upsilon \Upsilon |
ϕ φ Φ \phi \varphi \Phi ϕφΦ | \phi \varphi \Phi |
χ X \chi X χX | \chi X |
ψ Ψ \psi \Psi ψΨ | \psi \Psi |
ω Ω \omega \Omega ωΩ | \omega \Omega |
字体
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|---|
正体、罗马体(roman) | A B C \mathrm{ABC} ABC | \mathrm{} |
粗体(boldface) | A B C \mathbf{ABC} ABC | \mathbf{} |
花体、书法体(calligraphic) | A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC | \mathcal{} |
黑体、无衬线体(sans-serif) | A B C \mathsf{ABC} ABC | \mathsf{} |
空心体(blackboard) | A B C \mathbb{ABC} ABC | \mathbb{} |
打印机体 | A B C \mathtt{ABC} ABC | \mathtt{} |
草体(script) | A B C \mathscr{ABC} ABC | \mathscr{} |
符号
运算符号
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeXLATEX符号 |
---|---|---|
加号和减号 | + , − +,- +,− | +,- |
乘法 | × , ⋅ ×,\cdot ×,⋅ | \times , \cdot |
除法 | ÷ , / , a b \div,/,\frac{a}{b} ÷,/,ba | \div , / , \frac{a}{b} |
正负号 | ± , ∓ \pm,\mp ±,∓ | \pm, \mp |
括号 | ( ) ( ) ( ) , [ ] [ ] [ ] , { } ( ) ()(), [ ] [][], { } \{ \}{} ()()(),[][][],{} | ( ), [ ], { } |
连续运行符 | ∑ , ∏ , ∐ \sum,\prod,\coprod ∑,∏,∐ | \sum, \prod, \coprod, \int |
不定/定积分 | ∫ , ∮ \int,\oint ∫,∮ | \int, \oint |
各类带圈操作 | ⊕ , ⊗ , ⊙ , ⊎ \oplus, \otimes, \odot, \uplus ⊕,⊗,⊙,⊎ | \oplus, \otimes, \odot, \uplus |
加大的带圈操作 | ⨁ , ⨂ , ⨀ , ⨄ \bigoplus, \bigotimes,\bigodot, \biguplus ⨁,⨂,⨀,⨄ | \bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot, \biguplus |
含义/预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 | 含义/预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 | 含义/预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sin \sin sin | \sin | sinh \sinh sinh | \sinh | $\arcsin $ | \arcsin |
cos \cos cos | \cos | cosh \cosh cosh | \cosh | arccos \arccos arccos | \arccos |
tan \tan tan | \tan | tanh \tanh tanh | \tanh | arctan \arctan arctan | \arctan |
sec \sec sec | \sec | coth \coth coth | \coth | min \min min | \min |
csc \csc csc | \csc | det \det det | \det | max \max max | \max |
cot \cot cot | \cot | dim \dim dim | \dim | inf \inf inf | \inf |
exp \exp exp | \exp | ker \ker ker | \ker | sup \sup sup | \sup |
log \log log | \log | deg \deg deg | \deg | lim inf \liminf liminf | \liminf |
ln \ln ln | \ln | arg \arg arg | \arg | lim sup \limsup limsup | \limsup |
lg \lg lg | \lg | gcd \gcd gcd | \gcd | lim \lim lim | \lim |
集合符号
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|---|
子集 | ⊆ \subseteq ⊆ | \subset |
真子集 | ⊂ , ⊊ \subset, \subsetneq ⊂,⊊ | \subset, \subsetneq |
超集 | ⊇ \supseteq ⊇ | \supseteq |
真超集 | ⊃ , ⊋ \supset, \supsetneq ⊃,⊋ | \supset, \supsetneq |
属于 | ∈ , ∋ \in, \ni ∈,∋ | \in, \ni |
不属于 | ∉ , ∌ \notin, \not\ni ∈/,∋ | \notin, \not\ni |
逻辑符号
含义/预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|
∧ \land ∧ | \land |
∧ \wedge ∧ | \wedge |
$\bigwedge $ | \bigwedge |
$\to $ | \to |
∨ \lor ∨ | \lor |
∨ \vee ∨ | \vee |
⋁ \bigvee ⋁ | \bigvee |
¬ \lnot ¬ | \lnot |
¬ \neg ¬ | \neg$ |
∖ \setminus ∖ | \setminus |
∖ \smallsetminus ∖ | \smallsetminus p |
箭头符号
预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|
↑ \uparrow ↑ | \uparrow |
↓ \downarrow ↓ | \downarrow |
⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ | \Uparrow |
⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ | \Downarrow |
↕ \updownarrow ↕ | \updownarrow |
⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ | \Updownarrow |
→ \rightarrow → | \rightarrow |
← \leftarrow ← | \leftarrow |
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ | \Rightarrow |
⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐ | \Leftarrow |
↔ \leftrightarrow ↔ | \leftrightarrow |
⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔ | \Leftrightarrow |
⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶ | \longrightarrow |
⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵ | \longleftarrow |
⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷ | \longleftrightarrow |
⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹ | \Longrightarrow |
⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸ | \Longleftarrow |
⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺ | \Longleftrightarrow |
↦ \mapsto ↦ | \mapsto |
⟼ \longmapsto ⟼ | \longmapsto |
↩ \hookleftarrow ↩ | \hookleftarrow |
↪ \hookrightarrow ↪ | \hookrightarrow |
↼ \leftharpoonup ↼ | \leftharpoonup |
⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀ | \rightharpoonup |
↽ \leftharpoondown ↽ | \leftharpoondown |
⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁ | \rightharpoondown |
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ | \rightleftharpoons |
⇝ \leadsto ⇝ | \leadsto |
↗ \nearrow ↗ | \nearrow |
↘ \searrow ↘ | \searrow |
↙ \swarrow ↙ | \swarrow |
↖ \nwarrow ↖ | \nwarrow |
↚ \nleftarrow ↚ | \nleftarrow |
↛ \nrightarrow ↛ | \nrightarrow |
⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍ | \nLeftarrow |
⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏ | \nRightarrow |
↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮ | \nleftrightarrow |
⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎ | \nLeftrightarrow |
⇢ \dashrightarrow ⇢ | \dashrightarrow |
⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇠ | \dashleftarrow |
⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇇ | \leftleftarrows |
⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇆ | \leftrightarrows |
⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇚ | \Lleftarrow |
↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↞ | \twoheadleftarrow |
↢ \leftarrowtail ↢ | \leftarrowtail |
↫ \looparrowleft ↫ | \looparrowleft |
⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇋ | \leftrightharpoons |
↶ \curvearrowleft ↶ | \curvearrowleft |
↺ \circlearrowleft ↺ | \circlearrowleft |
↰ \Lsh ↰ | \Lsh |
↿ \upharpoonleft ↿ | \upharpoonleft |
⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇃ | \downharpoonleft |
⇈ \upuparrows ⇈ | \upuparrows |
⊸ \multimap ⊸ | \multimap |
↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↭ | \leftrightsquigarrow |
⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉ | \rightrightarrows |
⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄ | \rightleftarrows |
↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↠ | \twoheadrightarrow |
↣ \rightarrowtail ↣ | \rightarrowtail |
↬ \looparrowright ↬ | \looparrowright |
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ | \rightleftharpoons |
↷ \curvearrowright ↷ | \curvearrowright |
↻ \circlearrowright ↻ | \circlearrowright |
↱ \Rsh ↱ | \Rsh |
⇊ \downdownarrows ⇊ | \downdownarrows |
↾ \upharpoonright ↾ | \upharpoonright |
⇂ \downharpoonright ⇂ | \downharpoonright |
⇝ \rightsquigarrow ⇝ | \rightsquigarrow |
上符号
含义 | 预览效果 | L a T e X LaTeX LaTeX 命令 |
---|---|---|
上划线 | x ‾ \overline{x} x | \overline{x} |
下划线 | x ‾ \underline{x} x | \underline{x} |
上波浪线 | x y z ~ \tilde{xyz} xyz~ | \tilde{xyz} |
上宽波浪线 | x y z ~ \widetilde{xyz} xyz | \widetilde{xyz} |
上空心点 | x ˚ \mathring{x} x˚ | \mathring{x} |
上点 | x ˙ \dot{x} x˙ | \dot{x} |
上双点 | x ¨ \ddot{x} x¨ | \ddot{x} |
上三点 | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \dddot at position 1: \̲d̲d̲d̲o̲t̲{x} | \dddot{x} |
上^ | x y z ^ \hat{xyz} xyz^ | \hat{xyz} |
上宽^ | x y z ^ \widehat{xyz} xyz | \widehat{xyz} |
上ˇ | x ˇ \check{x} xˇ | \check{x} |
上ˊ | x ˊ \acute{x} xˊ | \acute{x} |
上ˋ | x ˋ \grave{x} xˋ | \grave{x} |
算式
常见运算
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX 命令 |
---|---|---|
累加 | ∑ i = 1 n X i \sum_{i=1}^nX_i ∑i=1nXi | \sum_{i=1}^nX_i |
累乘 | ∏ i = 1 n X i \prod_{i=1}^nX_i ∏i=1nXi | \prod_{i=1}^nX_i |
极限 | lim n → ∞ x n = a \lim\limits_{n\to\infin}x_n=a n→∞limxn=a | \lim\limits_{n\to\infin}x_n=a |
导数 | y ′ , f ′ , f ′ ( x ) , d y d x , d f d x , d d x f ( x ) y',f',f'(x),\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x},\frac{\mathrm{d}f}{\mathrm{d}x},\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}f(x) y′,f′,f′(x),dxdy,dxdf,dxdf(x) | y’,f’,f’(x),\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x},\frac{\mathrm{d}f}{\mathrm{d}x},\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}f(x) |
高阶导数 | ( u v ) ( n ) = ∑ k = 0 n C n k u ( k ) v ( n − k ) (uv)^{(n)}=\sum \limits_{k=0}^n C_n^ku^{(k)}v^{(n-k)} (uv)(n)=k=0∑nCnku(k)v(n−k) | (uv)^{(n)}=\sum \limits_{k=0}^n C_nku{(k)}v^{(n-k)} |
全微分 | d u ( x , y ) = P ( x , y ) d x + Q ( x , y ) d y \mathrm{d}u(x,y)=P(x,y)\mathrm{d}x+Q(x,y)\mathrm{d}y du(x,y)=P(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy | \mathrm{d}u(x,y)=P(x,y)\mathrm{d}x+Q(x,y)\mathrm{d}y |
偏导数 | ∂ z ∂ x = ∂ f ∂ u ∂ u ∂ x + ∂ f ∂ v ∂ v ∂ x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial u}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} ∂x∂z=∂u∂f∂x∂u+∂v∂f∂x∂v | \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial u}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} |
积分 | ∫ − ∞ ∞ x d x \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x\,dx ∫−∞∞xdx | \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x,dx |
二重积分 | ∬ D f ( x , y ) d σ \underset{D}{\iint }f(x,y)\mathrm{d}\sigma D∬f(x,y)dσ | \underset{D}{\iint }f(x,y)\mathrm{d}\sigma |
二次积分 | ∫ a b d x ∫ c d f ( x , y ) d y \int_{a}^{b} \mathrm{d}x\int_{c}^{d} f(x,y)\mathrm{d}y ∫abdx∫cdf(x,y)dy | \int_{a}^{b} \mathrm{d}x\int_{c}^{d} f(x,y)\mathrm{d}y |
曲线积分 | ∮ f d s \oint f\,ds ∮fds | \oint f,ds |
最值 | m a x a < x < b \mathop{max}\limits_{a<x<b} a<x<bmax | \mathop{max}\limits_{a<x<b} |
分段函数
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \mbox at position 22: …begin{cases}1,&\̲m̲b̲o̲x̲{x为有理数}\\\\0,&\…
\begin{equation}
x=
\begin{cases}
1,&\mbox{x为有理数}\\
0,&\mbox{x为无理数}
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
方程
{ a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = d 1 a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z = d 2 a 3 x + b 3 y + c 3 z = d 3 \left \{ \begin{array}{c}a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1 \\ a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2 \\ a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3\end{array}\right. ⎩ ⎨ ⎧a1x+b1y+c1z=d1a2x+b2y+c2z=d2a3x+b3y+c3z=d3
\left \{
\begin{array}{c}
a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1 \\
a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2 \\
a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3
\end{array}
\right.
矩阵
[ a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2 n ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ a m 1 a m 2 ⋯ a m n ] \begin{bmatrix}{a_{11}}&{a_{12}}&{\cdots}&{a_{1n}} \\{a_{21}}&{a_{22}}&{\cdots}&{a_{2n}} \\{\vdots}&{\vdots}&{\ddots}&{\vdots} \\{a_{m1}}&{a_{m2}}&{\cdots}&{a_{mn}} \\\end{bmatrix} ⎣ ⎡a11a21⋮am1a12a22⋮am2⋯⋯⋱⋯a1na2n⋮amn⎦ ⎤
\begin{bmatrix}
{a_{11}}&{a_{12}}&{\cdots}&{a_{1n}} \\
{a_{21}}&{a_{22}}&{\cdots}&{a_{2n}} \\
{\vdots}&{\vdots}&{\ddots}&{\vdots} \\
{a_{m1}}&{a_{m2}}&{\cdots}&{a_{mn}} \\
\end{bmatrix}
行列式
∣ a 11 a 12 ⋯ a 1 n a 21 a 22 ⋯ a 2 n ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ a m 1 a m 2 ⋯ a m n ∣ \begin{vmatrix}{a_{11}}&{a_{12}}&{\cdots}&{a_{1n}} \\{a_{21}}&{a_{22}}&{\cdots}&{a_{2n}} \\{\vdots}&{\vdots}&{\ddots}&{\vdots} \\{a_{m1}}&{a_{m2}}&{\cdots}&{a_{mn}} \\\end{vmatrix} ∣ ∣a11a21⋮am1a12a22⋮am2⋯⋯⋱⋯a1na2n⋮amn∣ ∣
\begin{vmatrix}
{a_{11}}&{a_{12}}&{\cdots}&{a_{1n}} \\
{a_{21}}&{a_{22}}&{\cdots}&{a_{2n}} \\
{\vdots}&{\vdots}&{\ddots}&{\vdots} \\
{a_{m1}}&{a_{m2}}&{\cdots}&{a_{mn}} \\
\end{vmatrix}
缩进
此处em单位(emphasize)意为相对长度单位,相对于当前对象内文本的字体尺寸
含义 | 预览效果 | LaTeX命令 |
---|---|---|
-1/6em | a b a\!b ab | a!b |
0em | a b ab ab | ab |
1/6em | a b a\,b ab | a,b |
2/7em | a b a\;b ab | a;b |
1/3em | a b a\ b a b | a\ b |
1em | a b a\quad b ab | a\quad b |
2em | a b a\qquad b ab | a\qquad b |
任意em(此处以3em为例) | a b a\hspace{3em}b ab | a\hspace{3em}b |