问题描述
使用docker安装Ubuntu22.04，官网给出的镜像只是一个裸系统，预装软件很少。换阿里源以后，apt update，出现如下报错：
# apt update
Ign:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease
Ign:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease
Ign:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease
Ign:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease
Ign:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease
Ign:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease
Ign:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease
Ign:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease
Ign:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease
Err:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.76 443]
Err:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-security InRelease
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.77 443]
Err:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates InRelease
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.76 443]
Err:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-backports InRelease
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.77 443]
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy/InRelease Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.76 443]
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-security/InRelease Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.77 443]
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.76 443]
W: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 222.192.186.77 443]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
重点出在了The certificate issuer is unknown. 上，这个错误通常表示 SSL/TLS 证书的颁发机构未知或无法验证。网上给出的方法有很多，但是或多或少都要用到一些需要安装的工具，而裸系统上都没有。
解决办法
- 改
https为http。以阿里云镜像为例，直接将以下脚本拷贝到终端运行，将apt配置写入/etc/apt/sources.list。
# 清空当前 sources.list
bash -c 'echo "" > /etc/apt/sources.list'
# 写入新的源列表
tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
- 运行
apt update。问题解决，成功更新。 - 考虑到
http终归不安全，安装证书并更新。
apt install ca-certificates
update-ca-certificates
然后，将/etc/apt/sources.list中http改回https。
讨论
- 换源时要去官方站点，CSDN博主分享的一些配置文件可能已经失效。官方站点中应有尽有，例如阿里云的站点。
- 在没有
vim等编辑器的情况下，可以借鉴上文笔者的方法，使用命令行的方式编辑文件。