基础SQL DQL语句

发布于:2024-05-01 ⋅ 阅读:(28) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

基础查询

select * from 表名;                查询所有字段


create table emp(
    id int comment '编号',
    workno varchar(10) comment '工号',
    name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
    gender char(1) comment '性别',
    age tinyint unsigned comment '年龄',
    idcard char(18) comment '身份证号',
    workaddress varchar(50) comment '工作地址',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间'
)comment '员工表';

INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (1, '00001', '柳岩', '女', 20, '123456789012345678', '北京', '2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (2, '00002', '张无忌', '男', 18, '123456789012345670', '北京', '2005-09-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (3, '00003', '韦一笑', '男', 38, '123456789712345670', '上海', '2005-08-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (4, '00004', '赵敏', '女', 18, '123456757123845670', '北京', '2009-12-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (5, '00005', '小昭', '女', 16, '123456769012345678', '上海', '2007-07-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (6, '00006', '杨逍', '男', 28, '12345678931234567X', '北京', '2006-01-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (7, '00007', '范瑶', '男', 40, '123456789212345670', '北京', '2005-05-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (8, '00008', '黛绮丝', '女', 38, '123456157123645670', '天津', '2015-05-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (9, '00009', '范凉凉', '女', 45, '123156789012345678', '北京', '2010-04-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (10, '00010', '陈友谅', '男', 53, '123456789012345670', '上海', '2011-01-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (11, '00011', '张士诚', '男', 55, '123567897123465670', '江苏', '2015-05-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (12, '00012', '常遇春', '男', 32, '123446757152345670', '北京', '2004-02-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (13, '00013', '张三丰', '男', 88, '123656789012345678', '江苏', '2020-11-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (14, '00014', '灭绝', '女', 65, '123456719012345670', '西安', '2019-05-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (15, '00015', '胡青牛', '男', 70, '12345674971234567X', '西安', '2018-04-01');
INSERT INTO emp (id, workno, name, gender, age, idcard, workaddress, entrydate)
VALUES (16, '00016', '周芷若', '女', 18, null, '北京', '2012-06-01');

select *from emp;

先准备好一个表,还有数据,如上图所示

查询表的name workno age

查询所有字段

得到整张表

查询所有员工的工作地址

查询所有员工的工作地址,去除重复的

条件查询语句

条件查询是在select之后加上需要的条件,语法为

那么我们又有那么条件运算符呢,如下表

下面,我们通过例子来掌握和练习条件查询

1.条件查询年级=88的员工

11查询身份证尾号为X的员工

DQL聚合函数

语法为

下面通过例子来演示

DQL分类查询

语法

where和having的区别

1.执行的时间不同,having是where过来后的数据进行筛选,where在having之前执行

2.判断条件不同,where不能对聚合函数判断,having可以对聚合函数进行判断

示例演示

DQL 排序查询

语法

排序方式有两种:

1.asc 升序 (默认值)

2.desc 降序

多个字段排序时,当字段1相同的时候,按照字段2排序

DQL 分页查询

语法

起始索引从0开始,起始索引=(查询页码-1)*每页显示记录数

limit分页查询是mysql数据库特有的

如果查询的1第一页是数据,起始索引可以省略,直接写limit9

起始索引=(1-1)*10=10  

查询记录数10

执行顺序和编写顺序

总结


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