区块链论文速读A会-SECURITY 2024 区块链间歇性PoW挖矿附ppt-EW帮帮网

Conference：33rd USENIX Security Symposium

CCF level：CCF A

Categories：network and information security

Year：2024

Conference time：August 14–16, 2024 Philadelphia, PA, USA

Title:

Sprints: Intermittent Blockchain PoW Mining

Sprints：间歇性区块链 PoW 挖矿

Authors:

Abstract:

Cryptocurrencies and decentralized platforms have been rapidly gaining traction since Nakamoto's discovery of Bitcoin's blockchain protocol. Prominent systems use Proof of Work (PoW) to achieve unprecedented security for digital assets. However, the significant carbon footprint due to the manufacturing and operation of PoW mining hardware is leading policymakers to consider stark measures against them and various systems to explore alternatives. But these alternatives imply stepping away from key security aspects of PoW.

We present Sprints, a blockchain protocol that achieves almost the same security guarantees as PoW blockchains, but with an order-of-magnitude lower carbon footprint while increasing the number of mining rigs by a factor 1.27x. Our conservative estimate of environmental footprint uses common metrics, taking into account both power and hardware. To achieve this reduction, Sprints forces miners to mine intermittently. It interleaves Proof of Delay (PoD, e.g., using a Verifiable Delay Function) and PoW, where only the latter bears a significant resource expenditure. We prove that in Sprints the attacker's success probability is the same as that of legacy PoW. To evaluate practical performance, we analyze the effect of shortened PoW duration, showing a minor reduction in resilience (49% instead of 50%). We confirm the results with a full implementation using 100 patched Bitcoin clients in an emulated network.

自从中本聪发现比特币的区块链协议以来，加密货币和去中心化平台迅速发展起来。知名系统使用工作量证明 (PoW) 来实现数字资产前所未有的安全性。然而，由于 PoW 挖矿硬件的制造和运行而产生的大量碳足迹，正促使政策制定者考虑对其采取严厉措施，并探索各种替代方案。但这些替代方案意味着要放弃 PoW 的关键安全方面。

我们提出了 Sprints，这是一种区块链协议，它实现了与 PoW 区块链几乎相同的安全保障，但碳足迹降低了一个数量级，同时将挖矿设备的数量增加了 1.27 倍。我们对环境足迹的保守估计使用了通用指标，同时考虑了电力和硬件。为了实现这一减少，Sprints 迫使矿工间歇性地挖矿。它交错使用延迟证明（PoD，例如使用可验证延迟函数）和 PoW，其中只有后者承担了大量的资源支出。我们证明，在 Sprints 中，攻击者的成功概率与传统 PoW 相同。为了评估实际性能，我们分析了缩短 PoW 持续时间的影响，结果显示弹性略有降低（49% 而不是 50%）。我们在模拟网络中使用 100 个修补过的比特币客户端进行完整实施，以确认结果。