cd 切换路径
[root@linux-lyz ~]# cd /opt/
[root@linux-lyz opt]#
ls 查看当前目录下文件
[root@linux-lyz opt]# ls
modules rh software
pwd 查看当前目录
[root@linux-lyz opt]# pwd
/opt
mkdir 创建新目录
[root@linux-lyz test]# mkdir test
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test
touch 创建空文件或更新文件的时间戳
[root@linux-lyz test]# cd test
[root@linux-lyz test]# touch test.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# touch test1.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# touch test2.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1.txt test2.txt test.txt
rm 删除文件
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1.txt test2.txt test.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# rm test.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test.txt’? y
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1.txt test2.txt[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test test1 test2 test3[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test test1 test2 test3
[root@linux-lyz test]# rm -r test
rm: descend into directory ‘test’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test/test1.txt’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test/test2.txt’? y
rm: remove directory ‘test’? y
[root@linux-lyz test]#
cp 复制文件或目录
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1 test2 test3[root@linux-lyz test]# cp -r test1 ./cptest1
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
cptest1 test1 test2 test3
mv 移动或重命名文件或目录
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
cptest1 test1 test2 test3
[root@linux-lyz test]# mv cptest1 test4
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1 test2 test3 test4
vi vim 编辑文件进入文件编辑
[root@linux-lyz test1]# touch aa.txt
[root@linux-lyz test1]# vim aa.txt
cat 连接和显示文件内容
[root@linux-lyz test1]# cat aa.txt
aaaa
aaa
...
7324
88
head/tail 输出文件信息
[root@linux-lyz test1]# tail aa.txt -n 3
7
7324
88
[root@linux-lyz test1]#
more/less 逐页显示文本文件内容
[root@linux-lyz test1]# more aa.txt
aaaa
aaa
....
7324
88
[root@linux-lyz test1]#
grep 在文件中搜索指定文本
[root@linux-lyz test1]# grep 32 aa.txt
7324
ps 显示当前运行的进程
[root@linux-lyz test1]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
5013 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
77122 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
netstat -nltp 查看网络端口号占用
[root@linux-lyz test1]# netstat -nltp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2191/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1541/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1406/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4369 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 115149/epmd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1276/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 75528/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2191/master
tcp6 0 0 :::33540 :::* LISTEN 1541/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1406/rpcbind
tcp6 0 0 :::4369 :::* LISTEN 115149/epmd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1276/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 75528/cupsd
[root@linux-lyz test1]#
kill 终止进程
ping 测试与主机的连通性
[root@linux-lyz test1]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=38.0 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.185: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=38.5 ms
^C64 bytes from 183.2.172.185: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=37.2 ms
wget/curl：从网络下载文件
chmod：修改文件或目录的权限
[root@linux-lyz test1]# chmod 777 aa.txt
chown：修改文件或目录的所有者
tar：用于压缩和解压文件和目录
[root@linux-lyz test]# tar -czvf test1.tar.gz test1
test1/
test1/aa.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
test1 test1.tar.gz test2 test3 test4
[root@linux-lyz test]# tar zxvf test1.tar.gz
test1/
test1/aa.txt
[root@linux-lyz test]# ls
df/du 显示磁盘使用情况
[root@linux-lyz test]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 48017504 8097232 39920272 17% /
devtmpfs 926932 0 926932 0% /dev
tmpfs 935380 0 935380 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 935380 25376 910004 3% /run
tmpfs 935380 0 935380 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 303788 107896 195892 36% /boot[root@linux-lyz test]# du -h test1
4.0K test1
[root@linux-lyz test]#
top 显示系统资源的实时使用情况和进程信息
[root@linux-lyz test]# tmpfs 935380 0 935380 0% /dev/shm
bash: tmpfs: command not found...
[root@linux-lyz test]# tmpfs 935380 25376 910004 3% /run
top - 08:56:15 up 9:59, 2 users, load average: 0.09, 0.13, 0.13
Tasks: 380 total, 2 running, 378 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 4.4 us, 2.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 92.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem: 1870760 total, 1605972 used, 264788 free, 8772 buffers
KiB Swap: 4079612 total, 396 used, 4079216 free. 1117756 cached MemPID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
778 root 20 0 267160 4192 3356 S 0.7 0.2 0:58.39 vmtoolsd
free 显示系统内存使用情况
[root@linux-lyz test]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1870760 1605460 265300 25304 8772 1117860
-/+ buffers/cache: 478828 1391932
Swap: 4079612 396 40796