在 Nginx 中配置前端和后端共用一个域名的情况,通常是通过路径或子路径将请求转发到不同的服务。以下是一个示例配置,假设:
前端静态文件在 /var/www/frontend/。
后端 API 服务运行在 http://127.0.0.1:5000。
域名是 example.com,其中:
静态前端通过 example.com 访问。
后端 API 通过 example.com/api/ 访问。
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
# 配置前端静态文件
location / {
root /var/www/frontend;
index index.html;
# 支持前端 history 模式路由
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
# 配置后端 API 路由
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
# 配置错误页面(可选)
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /var/www/frontend;
}
}
在前端使用基于路由的单页应用程序(如 React、Vue )时,前端的路由模式通常分为 hash 模式 和 history 模式。在 Nginx 配置前端路由时,需要特别处理 history 模式,因为它依赖于 HTML5 的 pushState 功能,而不带 # 的路径直接被 Nginx 视为文件路径。
try_files 指令的作用就是按顺序检査文件是否存在,返回第一个找到的文件。 $uri 是nginx 提供的变量,指当前请求的 URI,不包括任何参数,当请求静态资源文件的时候,命中 $uri 规则;当请求页面路由的时候,命中 /ndex.html 规则
nginx.conf 配置文件位置及其默认配置
# Intel Chip 系统路径
/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# Apple Silicon 系统路径
/opt/homebrew/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
默认配置
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root html;
#}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
include servers/*;
}