K8s 常用命令、对象名称缩写汇总
前言
在之前的文章中已经陆续介绍过 Kubernetes 的部分命令，本文将专题介绍 Kubernetes 的常用命令，处理日常工作基本够用了。
集群相关
1、查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info# 输出信息Kubernetes master is running at https://172.17.xx.xx:6443CoreDNS is running at https://172.17.xx.xx:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxyMetrics-server is running at https://172.17.xx.xx:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:metrics-server:/proxyTo further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
2、查看集群服务
kubectl get apiservice🔔 全部为 True 则正常# 输出信息NAME SERVICE AVAILABLE AGEv1. Local True 76dv1.admissionregistration.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.apiextensions.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.apps Local True 76dv1.authentication.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.authorization.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.autoscaling Local True 76dv1.batch Local True 76dv1.certificates.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.coordination.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.events.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.helm.cattle.io Local True 10dv1.k3s.cattle.io Local True 10dv1.networking.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.scheduling.k8s.io Local True 76dv1.storage.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.admissionregistration.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.apiextensions.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.authentication.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.authorization.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.batch Local True 76dv1beta1.certificates.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.coordination.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.discovery.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.events.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.extensions Local True 76dv1beta1.metrics.k8s.io kube-system/metrics-server True 76dv1beta1.networking.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.node.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.policy Local True 76dv1beta1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.scheduling.k8s.io Local True 76dv1beta1.storage.k8s.io Local True 76dv2beta1.autoscaling Local True 76dv2beta2.autoscaling Local True 76d
3、查看集群组件
kubectl get componentstatus# 输出信息NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERRORscheduler Healthy okcontroller-manager Healthy oketcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
4、查看集群版本
kubectl version--short 选项：精简输出信息--client 选项：之查看客户端版本# 输出信息Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.12", GitCommit:"2cb4598553d0a2ca5f3eb7980c99cd8236cc5011", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-06-16T13:00:29Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.13", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.16+k3s-", GitCommit:"", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-09-17T15:17:58Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.14", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
5、查看集群 API 版本
kubectl api-versions# 输出信息admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1apiextensions.k8s.io/v1apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1apiregistration.k8s.io/v1apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1apps/v1authentication.k8s.io/v1authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1authorization.k8s.io/v1authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1autoscaling/v1autoscaling/v2beta1autoscaling/v2beta2batch/v1batch/v1beta1certificates.k8s.io/v1certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1coordination.k8s.io/v1coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1discovery.k8s.io/v1beta1events.k8s.io/v1events.k8s.io/v1beta1extensions/v1beta1helm.cattle.io/v1k3s.cattle.io/v1metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1networking.k8s.io/v1networking.k8s.io/v1beta1node.k8s.io/v1beta1policy/v1beta1rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1scheduling.k8s.io/v1scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1storage.k8s.io/v1storage.k8s.io/v1beta1v1
节点相关
1、查看节点状态
kubectl get node# 输出信息master01 Ready etcd,master 76d v1.19.16+k3s-
2、查看节点资源使用情况
kubectl top node# 输出信息NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%master01 3283m 41% 36941Mi 58%
3、查看节点详细信息
kubectl describe node <node-name># 输出信息Name: master01Roles: etcd,masterLabels: kubernetes.io/arch=amd64kubernetes.io/hostname=master01kubernetes.io/os=linuxnode-role.kubernetes.io/etcd=truenode-role.kubernetes.io/master=trueAnnotations: xxxxCreationTimestamp: Tue, 21 May 2024 11:36:35 +0800Taints: <none>Unschedulable: falseLease:HolderIdentity: master01AcquireTime: <unset>RenewTime: Mon, 05 Aug 2024 14:21:42 +0800Conditions:Type Status LastHeartbeatTime LastTransitionTime Reason Message---- ------ ----------------- ------------------ ------ -------NetworkUnavailable False Thu, 25 Jul 2024 16:56:35 +0800 Thu, 25 Jul 2024 16:56:35 +0800 FlannelIsUp Flannel is running on this nodeMemoryPressure False Mon, 05 Aug 2024 14:18:53 +0800 Tue, 21 May 2024 11:36:35 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientMemory kubelet has sufficient memory availableDiskPressure False Mon, 05 Aug 2024 14:18:53 +0800 Thu, 30 May 2024 17:43:57 +0800 KubeletHasNoDiskPressure kubelet has no disk pressurePIDPressure False Mon, 05 Aug 2024 14:18:53 +0800 Tue, 21 May 2024 11:36:35 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientPID kubelet has sufficient PID availableReady True Mon, 05 Aug 2024 14:18:53 +0800 Thu, 30 May 2024 17:43:57 +0800 KubeletReady kubelet is posting ready statusAddresses:InternalIP: 172.17.xx.xxHostname: master01Capacity:cpu: 8ephemeral-storage: 51474024Kihugepages-1Gi: 0hugepages-2Mi: 0memory: 64757920Kipods: 235Allocatable:cpu: 8ephemeral-storage: 52709400575hugepages-1Gi: 0hugepages-2Mi: 0memory: 64655520Kipods: 235System Info:Machine ID: xxxxSystem UUID: xxxxBoot ID: 0bf721f7-c072-4a24-9f7d-fc9f51007f65Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64OS Image: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)Operating System: linuxArchitecture: amd64Container Runtime Version: containerd://1.4.11-k3s1Kubelet Version: v1.19.16+k3s-Kube-Proxy Version: v1.19.16+k3s-PodCIDR: 10.42.0.0/24PodCIDRs: 10.42.0.0/24Non-terminated Pods: (110 in total)Namespace Name CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits AGE--------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- ------------- ---kube-system coredns-5d69dc75db-ddhb2 100m (1%) 0 (0%) 70Mi (0%) 170Mi (0%) 10dkube-system coredns-5d69dc75db-m5dcj 100m (1%) 0 (0%) 70Mi (0%) 170Mi (0%) 10dkube-system dns-autoscaler-5b66f57c-lccr9 200m (2%) 0 (0%) 150Mi (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system fluentd-jj5hk 100m (1%) 1 (12%) 100Mi (0%) 3Gi (4%) 10dkube-system kube-state-metrics-84c8c679b-9fxdp 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system metrics-server-7b4f8b595-gtbx9 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system nfs-client-provisioner-lanhuapp-d549cc59f-7l4r6 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system nginx-ingress-controller-77ff74d4fc-8dlnk 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system svclb-ingress-nginx-ssf2h 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dkube-system svclb-kube-state-metrics-bcdbm 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10dAllocated resources:(Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)Resource Requests Limits-------- -------- ------cpu 3470m (43%) 79700m (996%)memory 15718Mi (24%) 167972Mi (266%)ephemeral-storage 0 (0%) 0 (0%)hugepages-1Gi 0 (0%) 0 (0%)hugepages-2Mi 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Events: <none>
4、节点标签命令
# 新增节点标签kubectl label node <node-name> key=value# 删除节点标签kubectl label node <node-name> key-# 修改节点标签kubectl label node <node-name> key=value --overwrite# 查看节点标签kubectl get node <node-name> --show-labels111
5、节点污点命令
# 新增污点标记kubectl taint node <node-name> key=value:NoSchedulekubectl taint node <node-name> key=value:NoExecute# 删除污点标记：kubectl taint nodes <node-name> key-
命名空间相关
1、创建命名空间
kubectl create namespace <namespace>2、查看命名空间
kubectl get namespace# 输出信息NAME STATUS AGEdefault Active 76dkube-system Active 76d
3、删除命名空间
kubectl delete namespace <namespace>4、切换命名空间
kubectl config set-context --current --namespace <namespace>控制器相关
以 Deployment 为例
1、创建控制器
kubectl create deployment <deployment-name> --image=<image-name> --replicas=<num>🔔 --image 选项：指定镜像🔔 --replicas 选项：指定副本数🔔 --env 选项：指定 ENV 环境变量
2、查看控制器
# 查看全部控制器列表kubectl get deployment# 查看控制器详细信息kubectl describe deployment <deployment-name># 查看控制器资源清单kubectl get deployment <deployment-name> -oyaml
3、更新控制器
# 更新镜像kubectl set image deployment <deployment-name> <container-name>=<image-name># 新增或修改 ENV 环境变量kubectl set env deployment <deployment-name> key=value# 删除 ENV 环境变量kubectl set env deployment <deployment-name> key-# 新增或修改资源限制kubectl set resources deployment <deployment-name> --requests=cpu=100m,memory=256Mi --limits=cpu=100m,memory=256Mi# 删除资源限制kubectl set resources deployment <deployment-name> --requests=cpu=0,memory=0 --limits=cpu=0,memory=0===================================================================================# 通过 patch 更新## 新增 command 参数kubectl patch deployment <deployment-name> --type json -p \'[{"op":"add", "path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/command", "value":["sh","-c","sleep 3000"]}]'## 删除 command 参数kubectl patch deployment <deployment-name> --type json -p \'[{"op":"remove", "path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/command"}]'## 替换 command 参数kubectl patch deployment <deployment-name> --type json -p \'[{"op":"replace", "path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/command", "value":["sh","-c","sleep 3600"]}]'🔔 kubectl patch 可以使用 --dry-run 进行格式检查，追加 -oyaml 查看资源清单===================================================================================# 通过 edit 更新（类似 vi 文本操作）kubectl edit deployment <deployment-name>
、4、删除控制器
# 删除全部控制器kubectl delete deployment --all# 删除指定名称控制器kubectl delete deployment <deployment-name>
5、副本伸缩
kubectl scale deployment <deployment-name> --replicas=<num>6、滚动重启
# 重启全部控制器kubectl rollout restart deployment# 重启指定名称控制器kubectl rollout restart deployment <deployment-name>
Pod 相关
1、创建临时 Pod
kubectl run --rm -it --image=busybox sh2、查看 Pod
# 查看全部 Pod 列表kubectl get pod# 查看 Pod 详细信息kubectl describe pod <pod-name># 查看 Pod 资源清单kubectl get pod <pod-name> -oyaml# 查看 Pod 日志## 方式一：通过 Pod 名称查看kubectl logs -f <pod-name>## 方式二：通过 Pod 标签查看kubectl logs -f -l key=value🔔 -c 选项：指定 Pod 内 Container 的名称，当 Pod 内有多个业务容器时需要指定🔔 -f 选项：查看实时日志🔔 -n 选项：指定命名空间🔔 -A 选项：所有命名空间🔔 -o 选项：指定输出格式，有 wide、yaml、json、name、custom-columns 等🔔 -v 选项：指定输出详细内容，6 表示输出 http 请求，8 表示输出 http 请求体、响应头、响应体内容
3、删除 Pod
kubectl delete po <pod-name>🔔 若执行后 Pod 长时间处于 Terminating 状态，添加参数 --force --grace-period 0 即可强制删除，但要谨慎使用！4、进入 Pod 容器
# 方式一：通过 Pod 名称进入kubectl exec -it <pod-name> bash# 方式二：通过 Deployment 名称进入kubectl exec -it deployment/<deployment-name> bash🔔 -c 选项：指定 Pod 内 Container 的名称，当 Pod 内有多个业务容器时需要指定# 不进入容器直接执行命令kubectl exec -it <pod-name> bash -c "<command>"或kubectl exec <pod-name> -- sh -c "<command>"
Service 相关
1、创建 Service
# 方法一：基于已有 Deployment 对象创建kubectl expose deployment <deployment-name> --type=<Servcie 类型> --port=<port> --targetPort=<targetPort># 示例：kubectl expose deployment demo-deployment --type=ClusterIP --port=80 --targetPort=80# 方法二：命令行创建kubectl create servcie <Servcie 类型> <service-name> --tcp=<port>:<targetPort># 示例：kubectl create servcie clusterip demo-servcie --tcp=80:80
2、查看 Service
# 查看全部 Service 列表kubectl get service# 查看 Service 详细信息kubectl describe service <service-name># 查看 Service 资源清单kubectl get service <service-name> -oyaml
3、删除 Service
kubectl delete service <service-name>资源对象缩写
部分资
# 查看所有资源对象kubectl api-resources# 资源对象缩写（部分）kubectl get all # 查看所有 Workload（pod、svc、ds、deploy、rs、sts、job、cj）kubectl get cj # 查看 CronJobkubectl get cm # 查看 ConfigMapkubectl get cs # 查看 ComponentStatuskubectl get deploy # 查看 Deploymentkubectl get ds # 查看 DaemonSetkubectl get ep # 查看 Endpointkubectl get ev # 查看 Event，即当前 Namespace 的事件kubectl get hpa # 查看 HPAkubectl get ing # 查看 Ingresskubectl get lease -A # 查看集群健康状态信息kubectl get no # 查看 Nodekubectl get ns # 查看 Namespacekubectl get po # 查看 Podkubectl get pv # 查看 PersistentVolumekubectl get pvc # 查看 PersistentVolumeClaimkubectl get rs # 查看 ReplicaSetkubectl get sa # 查看 ServiceAccountkubectl get sc # 查看 StorageClasskubectl get sts # 查看 StatefulSetkubectl get svc # 查看 Service
kubectl 命令设置别名
cat >> /root/.bashrc <<EOFsource <(kubectl completion bash)# kubectl 别名alias k="kubectl"alias kc="kubectl get cm -o wide"alias kd="kubectl get deploy -o wide"alias ke="kubectl get ep"alias ki="kubectl get ing"alias kn="kubectl get no -o wide"alias kp="kubectl get po -o wide"alias wp="watch kubectl get po -o wide"alias kr="kubectl get rs"alias ks="kubectl get svc"alias krrd="kubectl rollout restart deploy"alias krsd="kubectl rollout status deploy"alias krrs="kubectl rollout restart sts"alias krss="kubectl rollout status sts"complete -F __start_kubectl kEOFsource /root/.bashrc