GreatSQL从库报错13146：字符集不一致问题处理

发布于：2025-06-20 ⋅ 阅读:(19) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

GreatSQL从库报错13146：字符集不一致问题处理

1.问题概述

需要将数据反向同步到源端，在使用 SELECT INTO OUTFILE 和 LOAD DATA 的方式进行数据恢复后配置同步，从库发生报错13146数据类型转换失败，导致同步异常；通过对比表结构和列的字符集，发现主从库相关表、列字符集设置不一致，修改为一致后，同步正常。

2.问题复现

本次测试基于 GreatSQL 8.0.32

2.1 初始化2个单机实例

略

2.2 主库创建测试表

greatsql> CREATE TABLE `smbms_address` (
 `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
  `contact` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `addressDesc` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货地址明细',
  `postCode` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮编',
  `tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人电话',
  `createdBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建者',
  `creationDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `modifyBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改者',
  `modifyDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `userId` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`));
  
greatsql> INSERT INTO `smbms_address`(`id`,`contact`,`addressDesc`,`postCode`,`tel`,`createdBy`,`creationDate`,
`modifyBy`,`modifyDate`,`userId`) values 
(1,'小丽','北京市','100010','13689999',1,'2016-04-13 10:09:00',NULL,NULL,201),
(2,'小张','北京市','100000','185672312',1,'2016-04-13 01:10:32',NULL,NULL,201);

2.3 查看数据

greatsql> SELECT * FROM smbms_address;
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
| id | contact | addressDesc | postCode | tel       | createdBy | creationDate        | modifyBy | modifyDate | userId |
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
|  1 | 小丽    | 北京市       | 100010   | 13689999  |         1 | 2016-04-13 10:09:00 |     NULL | NULL       |    201 |
|  2 | 小张    | 北京市       | 100000   | 185672312 |         1 | 2016-04-13 01:10:32 |     NULL | NULL       |    201 |
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.4 主库导出数据

greatsql> SELECT * FROM test01.smbms_address INTO OUTFILE '/data/smbms_address.txt' FIELDS TERMINATED BY '_~'  ENCLOSED BY '"';

2.5 从库创建表

greatsql> CREATE TABLE `smbms_address` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
  `contact` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `addressDesc` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货地址明细',
  `postCode` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮编',
  `tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人电话',
  `createdBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建者',
  `creationDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `modifyBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改者',
  `modifyDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `userId` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`));

2.6 从库导入数据

greatsql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/data/smbms_address.txt' INTO TABLE test01.smbms_address FIELDS TERMINATED BY '_~'  ENCLOSED BY '"';

2.7 从库查询数据

greatsql> SELECT * FROM smbms_address;
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
| id | contact | addressDesc | postCode | tel       | createdBy | creationDate        | modifyBy | modifyDate | userId |
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
|  1 | 小丽    | 北京市      | 100010   | 13689999  |         1 | 2016-04-13 10:09:00 |     NULL | NULL       |    201 |
|  2 | 小张    | 北京市      | 100000   | 185672312 |         1 | 2016-04-13 01:10:32 |     NULL | NULL       |    201 |
+----+---------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+----------+------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.8 从库建立复制

#主库查看当前gtid和pos位点信息
greatsql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                        |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000001 |     1693 |              |                  | 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#从库执行
greatsql> RESET MASTER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

greatsql>RESET SLAVE ALL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

greatsql> SET GLOBAL GTID_PURGED='28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '172.17.140.13',MASTER_USER = 'replabc',MASTER_PASSWORD = '!QAZ2WSX',MASTER_PORT = 5506, MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1693;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.05 sec)

greatsql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)

greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.140.13
                  Master_User: replabc
                  Master_Port: 5506
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1693
               Relay_Log_File: gip-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 323
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1693
              Relay_Log_Space: 531
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 135506
                  Master_UUID: 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2,
cea38b81-6b2a-11ef-926f-00163e8c8b06:1-2
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

2.9 主库插入新数据

greatsql> INSERT INTO smbms_address values(3,'小小','北京市','100021','133876742',1,'2016-04-13 00:00:05',NULL,NULL,201);

2.10 从库查看复制状态

greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.140.13
                  Master_User: replabc
                  Master_Port: 5506
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2213
               Relay_Log_File: gip-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 323
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 13146
                   Last_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction '28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:3' at master log binlog.000001, end_log_pos 2182. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1693
              Relay_Log_Space: 1051
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 13146
               Last_SQL_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction '28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:3' at master log binlog.000001, end_log_pos 2182. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 135506
                  Master_UUID: 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: 
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 240929 15:32:26
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:3
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2,
cea38b81-6b2a-11ef-926f-00163e8c8b06:1-3
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)


greatsql> SELECT * FROM PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.REPLICATION_APPLIER_STATUS_BY_WORKER LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           CHANNEL_NAME: 
              WORKER_ID: 1
              THREAD_ID: NULL
          SERVICE_STATE: OFF
      LAST_ERROR_NUMBER: 13146
     LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE: Worker 1 failed executing transaction '28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:3' at master log binlog.000001, end_log_pos 2182; Column 1 of table 'test01.smbms_address' cannot be converted from type 'varchar(45(bytes))' to type 'varchar(60(bytes) utf8mb4)'
   LAST_ERROR_TIMESTAMP: 2024-09-29 15:32:26.598104

根据 performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker表中的详细错误信息可以发现从库回放时数据类型发生转换，导致同步报错。涉及到的表是test01.smbms_address，其中的第一列在主库和从库之间数据类型不匹配。主库上该列被定义为varchar(45 bytes)，而从库上同一列被定义为varchar(60 bytes) utf8mb4。

2.11 对比表结构

主库查看：

greatsql> SHOW CREATE TABLE smbms_address \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: smbms_address
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `smbms_address` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
  `contact` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `addressDesc` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货地址明细',
  `postCode` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮编',
  `tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人电话',
  `createdBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建者',
  `creationDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `modifyBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改者',
  `modifyDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `userId` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

从库查看：

greatsql> SHOW CREATE TABLE smbms_address \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: smbms_address
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `smbms_address` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
  `contact` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `addressDesc` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货地址明细',
  `postCode` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮编',
  `tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人电话',
  `createdBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建者',
  `creationDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `modifyBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改者',
  `modifyDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `userId` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到上述 smbms_address表的字符集两边不一致，主库为utf8mb3，从库为utf8mb4，那么所属列的字符集是否一致呢？

2.12 确认表字段相关字符集和排序规则

主库查看：

greatsql> SELECT table_schema,table_name,column_name,character_set_name,COLLATION_NAME,COLUMN_TYPE from information_schema.columns where table_schema = 'test01' and table_name = 'smbms_address';
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME    | COLUMN_NAME  | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME     | COLUMN_TYPE |
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
| test01       | smbms_address | addressDesc  | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(50) |
| test01       | smbms_address | contact      | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(15) |
| test01       | smbms_address | createdBy    | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | creationDate | NULL               | NULL               | datetime    |
| test01       | smbms_address | id           | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | modifyBy     | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | modifyDate   | NULL               | NULL               | datetime    |
| test01       | smbms_address | postCode     | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(15) |
| test01       | smbms_address | tel          | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(20) |
| test01       | smbms_address | userId       | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)

从库查看：

greatsql> SELECT table_schema,table_name,column_name,character_set_name,COLLATION_NAME,COLUMN_TYPE from information_schema.columns where table_schema = 'test01' and table_name = 'smbms_address';
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME    | COLUMN_NAME  | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME     | COLUMN_TYPE |
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
| test01       | smbms_address | addressDesc  | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(50) |
| test01       | smbms_address | contact      | utf8mb4            | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | varchar(15) |
| test01       | smbms_address | createdBy    | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | creationDate | NULL               | NULL               | datetime    |
| test01       | smbms_address | id           | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | modifyBy     | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
| test01       | smbms_address | modifyDate   | NULL               | NULL               | datetime    |
| test01       | smbms_address | postCode     | utf8mb3            | utf8mb3_general_ci | varchar(15) |
| test01       | smbms_address | tel          | utf8mb4            | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | varchar(20) |
| test01       | smbms_address | userId       | NULL               | NULL               | bigint      |
+--------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)

根据 information_schema.columns表中相关信息，可以看到contact列、tel列的字符集都为utf8mb4，排序规则为默认的 utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci；为什么建表时没有指定列所使用的字符集，但还是使用了表的字符集和排序规则？

MySQL手册介绍

通过以下方式选择列的字符集和排序规则：

在这里插入图片描述

  • 如果建表时指定了列的字符集和排序规则，则使用指定的字符集和排序规则；
  • 为列指定了字符集，但没有指定排序规则，则使用该字符集默认的排序规则，可使用show character set语句或查询character sets表；
  • 为列指定了排序规则，但没有指定字符集。列具有排序规则，字符集则是与排序规则相关联的字符集；
  • 没有为列指定字符集或排序规则，因此使用表的默认字符集和排序规则。

这段描述可以解释为什么在创建表时，如果没有明确指定列的字符集，则会使用该表或数据库的默认字符集。这意味着，如果为VARCHAR类型的列没有指定字符集，它将继承表或数据库层面定义的字符集。

2.13 修复从库

采用重建表结构恢复数据后再重新配置同步的方式

1.关闭复制同步

greatsql> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

2.删除表，并新建表

greatsql> DROP TABLE `smbms_address`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

greatsql> CREATE TABLE `smbms_address` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
  `contact` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `addressDesc` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货地址明细',
  `postCode` varchar(15) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮编',
  `tel` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人电话',
  `createdBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建者',
  `creationDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `modifyBy` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改者',
  `modifyDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  `userId` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;

3.重新导入数据

greatsql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/data/smbms_address.txt' INTO TABLE test01.smbms_address FIELDS TERMINATED BY '_~'  ENCLOSED BY '"';

4.设置gtid,配置同步

greatsql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                        |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000001 |     1693 |              |                  | 28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

greatsql> RESET MASTER;
greatsql> RESET SLAVE;     
greatsql> SET GLOBAL GTID_PURGED='28093c86-5631-11ef-87f4-00163eab83df:1-2';
greatsql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '172.17.140.13',MASTER_USER = 'replabc',MASTER_PASSWORD = '!QAZ2WSX',MASTER_PORT = 5506, MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1693;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.05 sec)

5.启动同步

greatsql> START SLAVE;
greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.140.13
                  Master_User: replabc
                  Master_Port: 5506
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 8659
               Relay_Log_File: gip-relay-bin.000005
                Relay_Log_Pos: 3721
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
......
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

3.总结

  1. 在主从复制中，必须保证主库和从库的表结构属性相一致，若表或列的字符集设置不一致，则会抛出异常，导致同步中断。这也是本次同步报错的原因。
  2. 若对字符串类型的列存储的数据有特殊要求时，可显示的为列指定字符集。

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