web服务器搭建nginx

发布于:2025-07-02 ⋅ 阅读:(21) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

1 配置主机ip

1.1获取主机ip

ip a
root@pc:/home/ruxin# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:34:4c:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.3.127/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 86397sec preferred_lft 86397sec
    inet6 fe80::4:e2ce:b9f2:79fb/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以得主机wifi的ip地址为:   192.168.3.127

1.2查看当前网络服务

systemctl status NetworkManager

         NetworkManager处于活跃状态(active (running)),说明系统通过 NetworkManager 管理网络,应使用01-network-manager-all.yaml配置。

root@pc:/etc/netplan# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-06-30 14:32:50 CST; 34min ago
       Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
   Main PID: 924 (NetworkManager)
      Tasks: 3 (limit: 9382)
     Memory: 10.8M
        CPU: 216ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
             └─924 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon

6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9469] device (ens33): state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9471] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9472] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_SITE
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9472] policy: set '有线连接 1' (ens33) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9476] device (ens33): Activation: successful, device activated.
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9480] manager: startup complete
6月 30 14:32:51 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265171.5458] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL
6月 30 14:32:53 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265173.9185] agent-manager: agent[b9a40da6c2d8d60b,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered
6月 30 14:53:17 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751266397.7687] agent-manager: agent[b8cfb5e1ea0afe7d,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered
6月 30 15:01:52 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751266912.9341] agent-manager: agent[74a738928d7f23e4,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered

1.3编辑netplan配置

  编辑文件:

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml

         示例配置

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [192.168.3.114/24]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.3.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

         在 nano 中 Ctrl + x 为保存退出。

        应用配置:

sudo netplan apply

 遇到问题如下:

** (generate:63514): WARNING **: 15:18:48.328: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (generate:63514): WARNING **: 15:18:48.328: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.574: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.575: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

        似乎是警告提示表明 Netplan 配置文件的权限设置过于宽松,存在安全风险。Netplan 要求配置文件只能由所有者(通常是 root 用户)读取和写入,其他用户不应有访问权限。 

        查看当前文件权限:

ls -l /etc/netplan/*.yaml

         提示如下:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

         使用chmod命令将配置文件的权限设置为600

sudo chmod 600 /etc/netplan/*.yaml

         再次查看文件权限:

-rw------- 1 root root 345 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml
-rw------- 1 root root 289 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# 重新应用 Netplan 配置
sudo netplan apply

 ping一下:ping 192.168.3.114   没毛病

1.4配置editplus

首先安装ftp配置服务

apt install vsftpd

 该目录下进行配置:   vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

将write_enable 开放权限

此外,还要开放root用户

该目录下进行配置:   vim /etc/ftpusers

将 root 用户注释即可

重启vsftpd即可

service vsftpd restart

 接下来就可以在editplus上对其进行远程编辑了

1.5配置xshell和xftps

2.安装配置nginx

2.1下载原装nginx

        1. 将下载得到的 “nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz” 上传到 /opt/software 目录下
        2. 解压压缩 tar
        tar -zxvf nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz # 解压后保存在 /opt/software/nginx-1.28
        3. 安装依赖

sudo apt update  # 更新软件包列表,确保获取最新的软件包信息
sudo apt install -y gcc  # 安装 C 编译器
sudo apt install -y libpcre3 libpcre3-dev  # 安装 pcre 库及开发文件,对应 yum 里的 pcre、pcre-devel
sudo apt install -y zlib1g zlib1g-dev  # 安装 zlib 库及开发文件,对应 yum 里的 zlib、zlib-devel


        4. 配置、编译和编译安装

        下面命令的操作目录均为   /opt/software/nginx-1.28

        配置 (指定安装目录 /usr/local/nginx,生成 Makefile 文件)

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

        编译和编译安装

        make && make install

2.2 nginx的启动与停止

  1.  进入到该目录:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
    cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin # 进入 nginx 的 sbin 目录

    sudo systemctl start nginx


  2. 停止

    sudo systemctl stop nginx  # 立即停止
    sudo systemctl quit nginx  # 优雅停止 nginx(停止前完成已经接受的请求)
  3. 重新加载
    ./nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置(不重启)

2.3配置端口

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

 该目录下有一个nginx.conf配置文件,使用vim编辑

vim nginx.conf

2.4管理 Nginx 服务

        如果是从官网下载的纯净版nginx,则需要手动创建一个 systemd 服务单元文件来管理 Nginx 服务。

创建服务单元文件: 创建一个新的服务单元文件 nginx.service:

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

编写服务单元文件:(千万千万不要写注释,会报错)

[Unit]
Description=Nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=root
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
PrivateTmp=true


[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重载配置:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

并启动服务:

sudo systemctl start nginx

检查服务状态:

sudo systemctl status nginx

开机自启服务:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

3 配置jdk环境

3.1安装jdk1.7:

# Linux 版本
wget https://download.oracle.com/java/17/archive/jdk-17.0.7_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz

使用绝对路径解压

sudo tar -xzf /home/ruxin/jdk-17.0.7_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/

验证解压结果:

ls -la /usr/local/java/
# 应显示 jdk-17.0.7 目录

3.2 配置环境变量:

sudo nano /etc/profile

添加:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-17.0.7
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

生效配置并验证:

source /etc/profile
java -version  # 应显示Java 17版本

4.配置MySQL8.0

4.1安装mysql

参考如下:

Ubuntu安装mysql8.0数据库-CSDN博客

使用 apt 命令安装mysql:

#1、更新安装包管理工具
sudo apt-get update
 
#2、安装 mysql数据库,过程中的选项选择 y 
sudo apt-get install mysql-server-8.0

 4.2修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

注释掉:

#bind-address=127.0.0.1
# 或者将其修改为本机的wifi下的IP地址
#mysqlx-bind-address=127.0.0.1

添加:(注意要添加到[mysqld]后面)

character_set_server=utf8