网络安全实验07 部署防火墙负载分担双机热备，提高网络可靠性

发布于：2025-07-22 ⋅ 阅读:(15) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

该为某企业组网拓扑，两台防火墙都工作在网络互连层，上行链接路由器，下行连接二层交换机。防火墙与路由器间运行OSPF协议。现在希望两台防火墙以负载分担模式工作。正常情况下，防火墙A和B共同转发流量。当其中一台防火墙出现故障时，另一台防火墙转发全部业务。

一、配置思路

（1）配置防火墙接口IP、路由协议、安全区域，完成网络基本参数配置

（2）配置防火墙双机热备，实现负载分担工作

（3）配置防火墙安全策略，允许内网访问外网

（4）验证调试

二、配置步骤

步骤1：防火墙基本参数

（1）接口IP

防火墙A

用户名：admin

旧密码：Admin@123

新密码：Huawei@123

防火墙B

（2）安全区域

防火墙A

防火墙B

（3）配置OSPF路由

防火墙A

防火墙B

步骤2：配置双机热备

由于防火墙上行连接路由器，下行连接交换机，需要在防火墙上配置VGMP组监督上行接口，并在下行接口上配置VRRP备份组

（1）配置VGMP组监督上行业务接口

防火墙A

防火墙B

（2）配置VRRP备份组

防火墙A

防火墙B

（3）配置会话快速备份功能

在负载分担模式，两台流量都转发流量，为了防止来回路径不一致，需要在两台防火墙都配置会话快速备份

防火墙A

防火墙B

（4）指定心跳接口并启用双机热备功能

防火墙A

防火墙B

步骤3：配置防火墙安全策略

双机热备建立后，防火墙A上配置安全策略，防火墙B上会自动备份，故只需在防火墙A上配置安全策略即可

（1）防火墙A，内网访问外网

（2）防火墙A，允许防火墙与上行路由器交互OSPF报文

步骤4：配置路由器

（1）配置路由器接口IP

（2）配置OSPF路由

步骤5：配置交换机和内网终端

（1）配置交换机1的VLAN

（2）配置内网主机网络参数

步骤6：验证和调试

（1）查看VRRP备份组信息

（2）查看VGMP组状态

（3）连通性测试

（4）故障切换

将防火墙A的G1/0/1改为Down状态

三、设备完整配置

防火墙A

2024-04-15 02:10:44.500 
!Software Version V500R005C10SPC300
#
sysname FW_A
#
 l2tp domain suffix-separator @
#
undo info-center enable
#
 ipsec sha2 compatible enable
#
undo telnet server enable
undo telnet ipv6 server enable
#
 hrp enable
 hrp interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3 remote 10.10.0.2
 hrp mirror session enable
 hrp track interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
 firewall packet-filter basic-protocol enable
#
 update schedule location-sdb weekly Sun 07:17
#
 firewall defend action discard
#
 banner enable
#
 user-manage web-authentication security port 8887
 undo privacy-statement english
 undo privacy-statement chinese
page-setting
 user-manage security version tlsv1.1 tlsv1.2
password-policy
 level high
user-manage single-sign-on ad
user-manage single-sign-on tsm
user-manage single-sign-on radius
user-manage auto-sync online-user
#
 web-manager security version tlsv1.1 tlsv1.2
 web-manager enable
 web-manager security enable
#
firewall dataplane to manageplane application-apperceive default-action drop
#
 undo ips log merge enable
#
 decoding uri-cache disable
#
 update schedule ips-sdb daily 07:09
 update schedule av-sdb daily 07:09
 update schedule sa-sdb daily 07:09
 update schedule cnc daily 07:09
 update schedule file-reputation daily 07:09
#
ip vpn-instance default
 ipv4-family
#
 time-range worktime
  period-range 08:00:00 to 18:00:00 working-day
#
ike proposal default
 encryption-algorithm aes-256 aes-192 aes-128
 dh group14
 authentication-algorithm sha2-512 sha2-384 sha2-256
 authentication-method pre-share
 integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256
 prf hmac-sha2-256
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authentication-scheme admin_local
 authentication-scheme admin_radius_local
 authentication-scheme admin_hwtacacs_local
 authentication-scheme admin_ad_local
 authentication-scheme admin_ldap_local
 authentication-scheme admin_radius
 authentication-scheme admin_hwtacacs
 authentication-scheme admin_ad
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default
  service-type internetaccess ssl-vpn l2tp ike
  internet-access mode password
  reference user current-domain
 manager-user audit-admin
  password cipher @%@%bW:7KIxTyVk^Mo$1^Ob*ot+~.04QY;zMkDa*ADA]|ur=t+Bo@%@%
  service-type web terminal
  level 15

 manager-user api-admin
  password cipher @%@%<fPCPdUlC@iYZ/.peCD44N*Y|I)9P5".[S`.k0-!/(~<N*\4@%@%
  level 15

 manager-user admin
  password cipher @%@%TTxY%j,+x8HX<r!b[;i'^~ksRM9S3Lh>K,z"vT;U$_BI~kv^@%@%
  service-type web terminal
  level 15

 role system-admin
 role device-admin
 role device-admin(monitor)
 role audit-admin
 bind manager-user audit-admin role audit-admin
 bind manager-user admin role system-admin
#
l2tp-group default-lns
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 undo shutdown
 ip binding vpn-instance default
 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 alias GE0/METH
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.2.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.3.0.3 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.3.0.1 active
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.2 standby
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/4
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/5
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/6
 undo shutdown
#
interface Virtual-if0
#
interface NULL0
#
firewall zone local
 set priority 100
#
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
#
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
firewall zone dmz
 set priority 50
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
#
ospf 1
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 10.2.0.0 0.0.0.255
  network 10.3.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
undo ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable
ssh authentication-type default password
ssh server cipher aes256_ctr aes128_ctr
ssh server hmac sha2_256 sha1
ssh client cipher aes256_ctr aes128_ctr
ssh client hmac sha2_256 sha1
#
firewall detect ftp
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode aaa
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode aaa
 protocol inbound ssh
user-interface vty 16 20
#
pki realm default
#
sa
#
location
#
multi-linkif
 mode proportion-of-weight
#
right-manager server-group
#
device-classification
 device-group pc
 device-group mobile-terminal
 device-group undefined-group
#
user-manage server-sync tsm
#
security-policy
 rule name trust_to_untrust
  source-zone trust
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  action permit
 rule name policy_ospf
  source-zone local
  source-zone untrust
  destination-zone local
  destination-zone untrust
  service ospf
  action permit
#
auth-policy
#
traffic-policy
#
policy-based-route
#
nat-policy
#
quota-policy
#
pcp-policy
#
dns-transparent-policy
#
rightm-policy
#
return

防火墙B

2024-04-15 02:12:56.010 
!Software Version V500R005C10SPC300
#
sysname FW_B
#
 l2tp domain suffix-separator @
#
undo info-center enable
#
 ipsec sha2 compatible enable
#
undo telnet server enable
undo telnet ipv6 server enable
#
 hrp enable
 hrp interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3 remote 10.10.0.1
 hrp mirror session enable
 hrp track interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
 firewall packet-filter basic-protocol enable
#
 update schedule location-sdb weekly Sun 06:39
#
 firewall defend action discard
#
 banner enable
#
 user-manage web-authentication security port 8887
 undo privacy-statement english
 undo privacy-statement chinese
page-setting
 user-manage security version tlsv1.1 tlsv1.2
password-policy
 level high
user-manage single-sign-on ad
user-manage single-sign-on tsm
user-manage single-sign-on radius
user-manage auto-sync online-user
#
 web-manager security version tlsv1.1 tlsv1.2
 web-manager enable
 web-manager security enable
#
firewall dataplane to manageplane application-apperceive default-action drop
#
 undo ips log merge enable
#
 decoding uri-cache disable
#
 update schedule ips-sdb daily 23:21
 update schedule av-sdb daily 23:21
 update schedule sa-sdb daily 23:21
 update schedule cnc daily 23:21
 update schedule file-reputation daily 23:21
#
ip vpn-instance default
 ipv4-family
#
 time-range worktime
  period-range 08:00:00 to 18:00:00 working-day
#
ike proposal default
 encryption-algorithm aes-256 aes-192 aes-128
 dh group14
 authentication-algorithm sha2-512 sha2-384 sha2-256
 authentication-method pre-share
 integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256
 prf hmac-sha2-256
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authentication-scheme admin_local
 authentication-scheme admin_radius_local
 authentication-scheme admin_hwtacacs_local
 authentication-scheme admin_ad_local
 authentication-scheme admin_ldap_local
 authentication-scheme admin_radius
 authentication-scheme admin_hwtacacs
 authentication-scheme admin_ad
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default
  service-type internetaccess ssl-vpn l2tp ike
  internet-access mode password
  reference user current-domain
 manager-user audit-admin
  password cipher @%@%MsVl1O<XAXq}k~X.B&o:wA[o6*%cXA9qlL/>*C=HhH><A[rw@%@%
  service-type web terminal
  level 15

 manager-user api-admin
  password cipher @%@%0du6ZRl-ZQ,4+,D[@ya#w!4@1'4y$S&"tAn.:gRAnBs,!4Cw@%@%
  level 15

 manager-user admin
  password cipher @%@%]iBaC@B4b+\$N,AKymBXU<T}/"o'2X@1z+{8FyYPAGr-<T#U@%@%
  service-type web terminal
  level 15

 role system-admin
 role device-admin
 role device-admin(monitor)
 role audit-admin
 bind manager-user audit-admin role audit-admin
 bind manager-user admin role system-admin
#
l2tp-group default-lns
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 undo shutdown
 ip binding vpn-instance default
 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 alias GE0/METH
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.3.0.4 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.3.0.1 standby
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.3.0.2 active
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/4
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/5
 undo shutdown
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/6
 undo shutdown
#
interface Virtual-if0
#
firewall zone local
 set priority 100
#
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
#
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
firewall zone dmz
 set priority 50
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
#
ospf 1
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 10.3.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
undo ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable
ssh authentication-type default password
ssh server cipher aes256_ctr aes128_ctr
ssh server hmac sha2_256 sha1
ssh client cipher aes256_ctr aes128_ctr
ssh client hmac sha2_256 sha1
#
firewall detect ftp
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode aaa
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode aaa
 protocol inbound ssh
user-interface vty 16 20
#
pki realm default
#
sa
#
location
#
multi-linkif
 mode proportion-of-weight
#
right-manager server-group
#
device-classification
 device-group pc
 device-group mobile-terminal
 device-group undefined-group
#
user-manage server-sync tsm
#
security-policy
 rule name trust_to_untrust
  source-zone trust
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  action permit
 rule name policy_ospf
  source-zone local
  source-zone untrust
  destination-zone local
  destination-zone untrust
  service ospf
  action permit
#
auth-policy
#
traffic-policy
#
policy-based-route
#
nat-policy
#
quota-policy
#
pcp-policy
#
dns-transparent-policy
#
rightm-policy
#
return

路由器AR1

[V200R003C00]
#
 snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
 snmp-agent 
#
 clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
 drop illegal-mac alarm
#
 undo info-center enable
#
 set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa 
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default 
 domain default_admin 
 local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
 local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Local
 priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.2.0.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 
#
interface NULL0
#
ospf 1 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 10.2.0.0 0.0.0.255 
  network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return

路由器AR2

[V200R003C00]
#
 snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
 snmp-agent 
#
 clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
 drop illegal-mac alarm
#
 undo info-center enable
#
 set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa 
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default 
 domain default_admin 
 local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
 local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Local
 priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.2.1.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface NULL0
#
ospf 1 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 
  network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return

交换机LSW1

#
sysname Huawei
#
undo info-center enable
#
vlan batch 3
#
cluster enable
ntdp enable
ndp enable
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
diffserv domain default
#
drop-profile default
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default
 domain default_admin
 local-user admin password simple admin
 local-user admin service-type http
#
interface Vlanif1
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/6
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/7
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/8
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/16
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/17
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/18
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/19
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
#
interface NULL0
#
user-interface con 0
user-interface vty 0 4
#
return

交换机LSW2

#
sysname Huawei
#
undo info-center enable
#
vlan batch 3
#
cluster enable
ntdp enable
ndp enable
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
diffserv domain default
#
drop-profile default
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default
 domain default_admin
 local-user admin password simple admin
 local-user admin service-type http
#
interface Vlanif1
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/6
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/7
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/8
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/16
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/17
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/18
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/19
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
#
interface NULL0
#
user-interface con 0
user-interface vty 0 4
#
return

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