Spring框架下的中医针灸系统实现

基于Spring框架的常见应用

以下是基于Spring框架常见应用场景示例，涵盖依赖注入、AOP、事务管理等核心功能，采用模块化分类呈现：

依赖注入（DI）示例

1. 构造器注入

   @Service
   public class UserService {
       private final UserRepository repository;
       @Autowired
       public UserService(UserRepository repository) {
           this.repository = repository;
       }
   }
   

2. Setter注入

   @Service
   public class PaymentService {
       private PaymentGateway gateway;
       @Autowired
       public void setGateway(PaymentGateway gateway) {
           this.gateway = gateway;
       }
   }
   

3. 字段注入（不推荐）

   @Service
   public class OrderService {
       @Autowired
       private OrderValidator validator;
   }
   

4. 集合注入

   @Service
   public class NotificationService {
       @Autowired
       private List<Notifier> notifiers; // 注入多个Notifier实现
   }
   

5. 条件化Bean注入

   @Configuration
   public class AppConfig {
       @Bean
       @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "cache.enabled", havingValue = "true")
       public CacheManager cacheManager() {
           return new RedisCacheManager();
       }
   }
   

AOP编程示例

1. 日志切面

   @Aspect
   @Component
   public class LoggingAspect {
       @Before("execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))")
       public void logMethodCall(JoinPoint jp) {
           System.out.println("调用方法: " + jp.getSignature());
       }
   }
   

2. 性能监控

   @Around("@annotation(com.example.MonitorPerformance)")
   public Object measureTime(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
       long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
       Object result = pjp.proceed();
       System.out.println("耗时: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms");
       return result;
   }
   

3. 异常重试

   @Retryable(maxAttempts = 3, backoff = @Backoff(delay = 1000))
   public void callExternalApi() {
       // 可能失败的操作
   }
   

事务管理示例

1. 声明式事务

   @Transactional
   public void transferMoney(Account from, Account to, BigDecimal amount) {
       from.debit(amount);
       to.credit(amount);
   }
   

2. 事务隔离级别设置

   @Transactional(isolation = Isolation.READ_COMMITTED)
   public List<Order> getRecentOrders() {
       return orderRepository.findTop10ByOrderByCreateTimeDesc();
   }
   

Web开发示例

1. REST控制器

   @RestController
   @RequestMapping("/api/users")
   public class UserController {
       @GetMapping("/{id}")
       public ResponseEntity<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
           return ResponseEntity.ok(userService.findById(id));
       }
   }
   

2. 文件上传

   @PostMapping("/upload")
   public String handleUpload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file) {
       String fileName = fileStorageService.store(file);
       return "上传成功: " + fileName;
   }
   

3. 全局异常处理

   @ControllerAdvice
   public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
       @ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)
       public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleNotFound(ResourceNotFoundException ex) {
           return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(new ErrorResponse(ex.getMessage()));
       }
   }
   

数据访问示例

1. JPA Repository

   public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
       List<Product> findByPriceLessThan(BigDecimal price);
   }
   

2. 自定义SQL查询

   @Query("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.category = :category ORDER BY p.sales DESC")
   List<Product> findTopSellingByCategory(@Param("category") String category);
   

3. 分页查询

   @GetMapping("/products")
   public Page<Product> getProducts(Pageable pageable) {
       return productRepository.findAll(pageable);
   }
   

高级特性示例

1. 自定义事件发布

   @Service
   public class OrderService {
       @Autowired
       private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
       
       public void placeOrder(Order order) {
           publisher.publishEvent(new OrderPlacedEvent(this, order));
       }
   }
   

2. 定时任务

   @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 12 * * ?")
   public void generateDailyReport() {
       reportService.generateReport();
   }
   

3. 缓存使用

   @Cacheable(value = "products", key = "#id")
   public Product getProductById(Long id) {
       return productRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow();
   }
   

4. 多数据源配置

   @Configuration
   @EnableJpaRepositories(
       basePackages = "com.example.primary",
       entityManagerFactoryRef = "primaryEntityManager"
   )
   public class PrimaryDataSourceConfig { /* 配置细节 */ }
   

5. 异步方法调用

   @Async
   public CompletableFuture<User> fetchUserAsync(Long id) {
       return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(userRepository.findById(id));
   }
   

6. 自定义Validator

   @Component
   public class EmailValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ValidEmail, String> {
       public boolean isValid(String email, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {