Spring Boot集成WebSocket

一、WebSocket集成方案全景图

二、核心方案对比分析

三、Javax WebSocket深度实现

3.1 服务端增强实现

@ServerEndpoint("/ws/chat/{roomId}")
public class ChatEndpoint {
    private static final Map<String, Set<Session>> rooms = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("roomId") String roomId) {
        rooms.computeIfAbsent(roomId, k -> Collections.newSetFromMap(
            new ConcurrentHashMap<>())).add(session);
    }

    @OnMessage
    public void onMessage(String message, Session session,
                        @PathParam("roomId") String roomId) {
        rooms.getOrDefault(roomId, Collections.emptySet())
            .forEach(s -> s.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message));
    }
}

3.2 客户端优化方案

@Component
public class WsClientManager {
    private final WebSocketContainer container;
    private final Map<String, Session> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    public void connect(String endpoint) throws Exception {
        Session session = container.connectToServer(
            new Endpoint() {
                @Override
                public void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig config) {
                    clients.put(endpoint, session);
                }
            },
            ClientEndpointConfig.Builder.create().build(),
            URI.create(endpoint)
        );
    }
}

四、Spring WebMVC高级配置

4.1 拦截器增强

public class AuthHandshakeInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request,
                                 ServerHttpResponse response,
                                 WebSocketHandler wsHandler,
                                 Map<String, Object> attributes) {
        String token = request.getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");
        return jwtValidator.validate(token);
    }
}

4.2 消息处理链

public class MessageBrokerHandlerDecorator extends WebSocketHandlerDecorator {

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(WebSocketSession session,
                            WebSocketMessage<?> message) throws Exception {
        if (message instanceof TextMessage) {
            TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) message;
            // 消息预处理
            super.handleMessage(session, processMessage(tm));
        }
    }
}

五、WebFlux响应式集成

5.1 响应式端点

@Bean
public HandlerMapping webSocketMapping() {
    Map<String, WebSocketHandler> map = Map.of(
        "/rsocket", new ReactiveWebSocketHandler()
    );
    SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
    mapping.setUrlMap(map);
    mapping.setOrder(10);
    return mapping;
}

class ReactiveWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> handle(WebSocketSession session) {
        return session.send(
            Flux.interval(Duration.ofSeconds(1))
                .map(i -> session.textMessage("Tick: " + i))
        );
    }
}

六、生产环境最佳实践

6.1 集群解决方案

6.2 性能调优参数

七、异常处理与监控

7.1 异常处理链

@ControllerAdvice
public class WebSocketExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler
    public void handleException(Throwable ex, WebSocketSession session) {
        session.send(Mono.just(session.textMessage("Error: " + ex.getMessage())));
    }
}

7.2 监控指标

@Bean
public MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metricsCommonTags() {
    return registry -> registry.config().commonTags(
        "application", "websocket-service",
        "protocol", "ws"
    );
}

八、方案选型决策树

总结

WebSocket在Spring生态中的集成方案多样，选择时需考虑：

1. 项目架构：传统MVC还是响应式
2. 性能需求：普通消息还是高频交易
3. 扩展性：是否需要水平扩展
4. 运维成本：监控和告警能力

建议从Spring原生支持方案开始，随着业务复杂度提升再逐步考虑Netty等高性能方案。无论选择哪种方案，都需要注意：

• 连接生命周期管理
• 消息序列化规范
• 异常恢复机制
• 生产环境监控

通过合理的设计和配置，WebSocket可以成为构建实时应用的强大工具。