kubernetes-ubuntu24.04操作系统部署k8s集群

一.初始化k8s集群

1.修改主机名称

master1

# 修改主机名称
hostnamectl set-hostname master1 && bash

node1

hostnamectl set-hostname node1 && bash

node2

hostnamectl set-hostname node2 && bash

1.2关闭防火墙

三台设备都执行

ufw disable
systemctl stop ufw
systemctl disable ufw

1.3配置主机hosts文件，相互之间通过主机名访问

三台设备都执行

[root@master1 ~]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:jCUEBllzJUq672lZGR5ck5BTy9C59vXsKAaG3JgbLUM root@master1
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  .+*.**oo       |
|  .+ =o+*.       |
|  . ...o+o       |
|   .  E=o   .    |
|  .  +.@S. . o   |
|   .  % = .   o  |
|    .o * .   o   |
|   .o..   o . .  |
|   .o    . .     |
+----[SHA256]-----+
# 传输到noded1节点
[root@master1 ~]# ssh-copy-id node1
[root@master1 ~]# ssh-copy-id node2

1.4关闭交换分区

三台设备都执行

swapoff -a
sed -i '/swap/ s%/swap%#/swap%g' /etc/fstab

1.5修改内核参数

三台设备都执行

cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system # 应用配置

二.安装容器运行时

三台机器都操作

1.1安装docker服务

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker.io
sudo systemctl enable docker && sudo systemctl start docker

1.2配置 Docker 使用 systemd 作为 cgroup 驱动，并设置镜像加速

# 配置镜像加速和驱动
cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://rsbud4vc.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
"exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

# 重启服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker

2.1安装containerd服务

# 安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
# 添加仓库
vim/etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 安装 containerd
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y containerd.io

2.2修改配置文件

# 生成默认配置
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 修改配置
把SystemdCgroup = false修改成SystemdCgroup = true
把sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"修改成sandbox_image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
# 重启 containerd
sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd
# 配置containerd镜像加速
配置containerd镜像加速器，k8s所有节点均按照以下配置：
编辑vim /etc/containerd/config.toml文件
找到config_path = ""，修改成如下目录：
config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"
保存退出

# 创建并配置存放镜像加速器的目录
mkdir /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/ -p
vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml
#写入如下内容：
[host."https://ag38j4ig.mirror.aliyuncs.com",host."https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull"]
#重启containerd服务
重启containerd：
systemctl restart containerd

三.安装k8s组件

1.安装kubeadm kubectl kubelet

三台机器都执行

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https curl

# 添加 Kubernetes 的阿里云 APT 源（国内用户推荐）
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF

sudo apt update
# 安装特定版本，例如 1.27.6-00（请替换为最新的 1.27 版本）
sudo apt install -y kubelet=1.27.6-00 kubeadm=1.27.6-00 kubectl=1.27.6-00
# 阻止这三者被自动升级
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

2.初始化Master节点

 kubeadm init   --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers   --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.40.181

接着，按提示配置 kubectl（在 Master 节点上执行）：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

3.将节点加入集群

node节点执行初始化集群产生的命令

root@node1:~# kubeadm join 192.168.40.181:6443 --token rdfks6.1qc1f50amc0rrtud --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d9a26993b8b2438d4f9dcf642f1cc35ec288fe51bcb90d5fbc800c0096efcb7 


root@node2:~# kubeadm join 192.168.40.181:6443 --token rdfks6.1qc1f50amc0rrtud --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d9a26993b8b2438d4f9dcf642f1cc35ec288fe51bcb90d5fbc800c0096efcb7 

查看集群状态

root@master1:~# kubectl get nodes

4.安装网络插件calico

通过网盘分享的文件：calico.tar.gz
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BhvSUzKB7DO0pEhliO_k3g?pwd=9kik 提取码: 9kik
–来自百度网盘超级会员v5的分享
通过网盘分享的文件：calico.yaml
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1OnT5loSTgacrspK_xMCYSQ?pwd=6f3f 提取码: 6f3f
–来自百度网盘超级会员v5的分享
把安装calico需要的镜像calico.tar.gz传到所有机器上

[root@master1 ~]# ctr -n=k8s.io images import calico.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# ctr -n=k8s.io images import calico.tar.gz
[root@node2 ~]# ctr -n=k8s.io images import calico.tar.gz

上传calico.yaml到master1上，使用yaml文件安装calico 网络插件

修改calico.yaml文件
找到 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: “10.244.0.0/16”

执行calico.yaml文件

root@master1:~# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

5.验证集群状态

root@master1:~# kubectl get nodes