学习Python中Selenium模块的基本用法（7：元素操作-1）

  定位网页元素后，Selenium模块支持点击、发送文本或按键、清除内容等操作。本文以百度网站为例学习并测试这几类操作的基本用法。
  首先是发送文本或按键，主要用到send_keys函数，如果是发送文本，则直接将文本内容作为函数入参即可，如果是发送按键，则可使用selenium.webdriver.common.keys定义的按键作为函数入参（按键类详细说明见参考文献6）。下面的示例找到百度网站的输入框，输入“网易邮箱地址”，然后模拟按回车键，代码及运行效果如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

time.sleep(2)

search_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-textarea") 
search_box.send_keys("网易邮箱地址")
search_box.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

time.sleep(3)

first_result = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.result:first-child h3 a")
first_result.click()

  点击操作主要调用click函数，调整上面的示例，输入搜素内容后，找到并点击搜索按钮，示例代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

time.sleep(2)

search_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-textarea") 
search_box.send_keys("网易邮箱地址")

search_btn = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-submit-button") 
search_btn.click()

time.sleep(3)

first_result = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.result:first-child h3 a")
first_result.click()

  清除内容操作主要调用clear函数，调整上面的示例，先输入搜素内容“网易邮箱地址”，点击搜索按钮，再找到新页面的输入框输入“qq邮箱地址”，再点击搜索按钮，最后点击第一个检索结果。示例代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

time.sleep(2)

search_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-textarea") 
search_box.send_keys("网易邮箱地址")

search_btn = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-submit-button") 
search_btn.click()

time.sleep(3)

search_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-textarea") 
search_box.clear()
search_box.send_keys("qq邮箱地址")
time.sleep(3)

search_btn = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chat-submit-button") 
search_btn.click()

time.sleep(3)

first_result = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.result:first-child h3 a")
first_result.click()

)

参考文献：
[1]https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/
[2]https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/
[3]https://blog.csdn.net/kk_lzvvkpj/article/details/148610502
[4]https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=chromedriver/
[5]https://chromedriver.chromium.org/
[6]https://juejin.cn/post/7028451097559695397?from=search-suggest