留学生永远绕不开的话题是什么？写paper写essay写report大论文小论文报告书各种文章。
那么在写论文的时候很多同学会发现，教授总是喜欢强调 Critical Thinking，一篇不critical的文章是拿不了高分的~
Critical Thinking？批判性思维？在国内我们喜欢称之为“抬杠”，但是批判性思维是高级的，有理有据有逻辑的杠。
比如当你提出一个观点：苍兰决好看。
你得接着说：这个观点从何而来？为什么好看？演员养眼？剧情好？演技在线？如果换两个主角是否还好看？
然后还要说：它有没有缺点呢？不好看的点是什么？有人不喜欢看是为什么？怎么样它才更好看等等
虽然生活中杠精不受欢迎，但是在Academic Writing中希望大家要人人做杠精，写任何观点都要拿出说服别人的论据，这是你的作业拿高分的关键！
那么今天给大家分享一些批判性思维写作的王炸句式，让你的导师眼前一亮。
01、强调以往研究的不足
1.Previous studies of X have not dealt with
2.The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.
3.However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …
4.However few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into
5.Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study existswhich…
02、在单一的研究或论文中发现弱点
1.The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between Xand Y
2.Small sample sizes have been a serious limitati on for many earlier studies
3.Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.
4.Such approaches, however, have failed to address.
5.Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of
6.The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no generalagreement about
03、在单一的论文中发现弱点
1.However/Nevertheless
2.xxx fails to fully define what…
3.xxx fails to acknowledge the significance of
04、介绍一般批判
1.The most important of these criticisms is that xxx failed to note that…
2.More recent arguments against X have been summarized by…
3.Many analysts now argue that the strategy of X has not been successful.
4.For example, XXX argues that…
5.Critics have also arqued that not only do surveys provide an inaccuratemeasure of X, but the…
05、如何批判性分析某个观点or理论
1.A major criticism of Smith’s work is that.
2.One question that needs to be asked,however, is whether.
3.A serious weakness with this argument, however is that.
4.One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why…
5.A major criticism of Smith’s work is that.
6.One question that needs to be asked,however, is whether.
7.A serious weakness with this argument, however is that.
8.One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why…
06、提出建设性意见
1.The study would have been more interesting if it had included
2.These studies would have been more useful if they had focused on …
3.The study would have been more relevant if the researchers had asked
4.A more comprehensive study would include all the groups of…
5.A better study would examine a large,randomly selected sample of societieswith…
写在最后
Academic writing在于积累和练习以及思维方式，今天分享的这些巨型同学们可马起来积累背诵，下次写作的时候记得用上，惊呆你的教授~