又是一个毕业季，对于许多毕业学生来说，这是一个激动，亢奋，热血，憧憬，畏惧，好奇的时期。但是，对于许多英国留学生来说，却还在烦恼着毕业论文。与国内不同，英国留学生们往往不清楚如何对论文所做的研究或开题报告进行论证，又或者说他们找不到论证来论述自己论文内所要探讨的观点，无法具体而顺理成章的得到论述答案。在这里，为了让英国留学生们顺利完成自己的毕业论文，老师特地为大家总结出了论文五要素，下面，我们来详细介绍一下这五个要素。
It is another graduation season.For many graduates,this is a period of excitement,excitement,enthusiasm,longing,fear and curiosity.However,for many British students,they are still worrying about their graduation thesis.Different from domestic students,British students often do not know how to demonstrate the research or proposal they have done in their papers,or they cannot find an argument to discuss the views they want to discuss in their papers,so they cannot get specific and logical answers.Here,in order to enable British students to successfully complete their graduation thesis,the teacher specially summarized the five elements of the thesis for everyone.Now,let's introduce these five elements in detail.
要素1.有力论证
Element 1.Powerful demonstration
学生在自己的毕业论文中，提出一个观点，需要以理由支持这个观点，而这个理由是基于证据、承认与对其他观点的回应，有时还要解释你推理的原理（principle）.这里面并没有什么奥秘，因为每当你要仔细探索悬而未定的议题时，你都会应用这些要素。
Students put forward an opinion in their graduation thesis,which needs to be supported by reasons,which are based on evidence,recognition and response to other views,and sometimes explain the principle of your reasoning There is no mystery here,because you will apply these elements whenever you want to carefully explore the pending issues.
要素2.以理由为基础，搭建强有力的观点
Element 2.Build a strong point of view based on reasons
你的观点是毕业论文的核心，也是论文研究问题的答案，支持观点有两种类型，第一种类型是至少有一项理由支持，用一、两句话解释为什么你的导师应该接受你的观点。我们通常会用因为来连接观点与理由。比如：俄罗斯农民的解放是一张空头支票（观点），因为这并未改善他们日常的物质生活（理由）。
Your opinion is the core of the graduation thesis and the answer to the research questions in the thesis.There are two types of supporting opinions.The first type is that there is at least one reason to support it.Explain why your tutor should accept your opinion in one or two sentences.We usually use the cause to connect ideas and reasons.For example,the liberation of Russian farmers is a blank check(view),because it does not improve their daily material life(reason).
要素3.以证据为基础，搭建最合理的理由
Element 3.Build the most reasonable reason based on evidence
学生们在平常的交谈中，常用理由去支持观点。如：我们应该走了（观点为），因为似乎要下雨了（理由）。这当中我们不会去问要下雨的证据是什么，除非是气象学家。但当你用文字提出严肃的议题时，你不可能期待导师会轻易接受你所有的理由。细心的老师会像那个气象学家一样，要学生提出那些支持你理由的证据、参考资料、或事实。
In ordinary conversation,students often use reasons to support their opinions.For example,we should go(view is),because it seems to rain(reason).We will not ask what the evidence of rain is,unless we are meteorologists.But when you put forward serious issues in words,you can't expect the tutor to easily accept all your reasons.A careful teacher,like the meteorologist,will ask the students to provide evidence,references,or facts that support your reasons.
要素4.顾及其他看法，做好承认与回应准备
Element 4.Be prepared to acknowledge and respond to other views
一个负责任的学生会以证据基础的理由来支持观点。但是那些细心的导师不会光凭你提出的理由及证据就接受你的观点，除非他们想的跟你完全一样（但这是不可能的，因为你正提出一个自己的论证呢！）他们会想到一些你没有的证据，对你的证据有不同的解读，或是从相同的证据中引出不同的结论。所以你必须尽可能预估到导师提出的问题，然后承认与回应其中最重要的问题。
A responsible student will support the opinion with evidence based reasons.However,those careful tutors will not accept your views based on the reasons and evidence you put forward,unless they think exactly the same as you(but this is impossible because you are putting forward your own argument!)They will think of some evidence that you do not have,have different interpretations of your evidence,or draw different conclusions from the same evidence.So you must try your best to anticipate the questions raised by the tutor,and then admit and respond to the most important questions.
要素5.以强有力的原则论证理由与观点间的关联
Element 5.Demonstrate the connection between reasons and views in strong principles
即使导师同意有充分的证据支持你所提出的理由，他们可能仍不认为这样就该接受你的观点。他们会问：虽然你的理由是真实的，但为什么与你的观点有关？为了回答这个问题，你必须提出一般性的原则，以显示为什么你相信这个特定的理由与这个特定的观点有关联。
Even if the mentor agrees that there is sufficient evidence to support your reasons,they may still not think it is appropriate to accept your point of view.They will ask:Although your reason is true,why is it related to your point of view?In order to answer this question,you must propose general principles to show why you believe that this particular reason is related to this particular point of view.
只要以上这五个要素运用得得当，相信学生们便可以交出一份质量不错的毕业论文。但是，在这里需要提醒的是，还有一个要素也是要特别注意的，即对导师可以不了解议题的解说。具体而言，你所提出的一个论证刚好涉及到导师不熟悉的领域，你需要以详细而权威的语言知识来将论证中涉及到的知识点进行详细解说。不过，若要交出一份十分完美的毕业论文则还需涉及到许多其他小要素。这个老师会在后期的文章中作出详细的阐述。
As long as the above five elements are properly used,I believe that students will be able to hand in a good quality graduation thesis.However,it should be noted here that there is another element to pay special attention to,namely,the explanation that the tutor can not understand the topic.To be specific,an argument you put forward just involves a field unfamiliar to the tutor.You need to explain the knowledge points involved in the argument in detail with detailed and authoritative language knowledge.However,if you want to hand in a perfect graduation thesis,you need to involve many other small elements.The teacher will elaborate in the later articles.