1.输出n层正方形二维列表，每层列表的数字相同
代码如下：
list1 = []
num = 1
n = int(input("请输入二维列表的层数："))
# 创建n行n列初始值为0的二维列表
for i in range(n*2 - 1):
list1.append([])
for j in range(n*2 - 1):
list1[i].append(0)
for k in range(1, n + 1):
for i in range(k - 1, 2 * n - k):
for j in range(k - 1, 2 * n - k):
list1[i][j] = k
for i in range(2 * n - 1):
for j in range(2 * n - 1):
print(list1[i][j], end=' ')
print()
补充：这里采用的是覆盖的思想，创建n个二维列表矩阵，一层层的覆盖
2.输出螺旋矩阵
代码如下：
list1 = []
num = 1
for i in range(10):
list1.append([])
for j in range(10):
list1[i].append(0)
n = int(input("请输入螺旋矩阵阶数："))
for k in range(n // 2 + 1):
for j in range(k, n - k):
list1[k][j] = num
num += 1
for i in range(k + 1, n - k - 1):
list1[i][n - k - 1] = num
num += 1
for j in range(n - k - 1, k, - 1):
list1[n - k - 1][j] = num
num += 1
for i in range(n - k - 1, k, -1):
list1[i][k] = num
num += 1
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
print("{:3d}".format(list1[i][j]), end=" ")
print()