【23种设计模式】单例模式(Singleton Pattern) .Net Core实现

一道巧克力工厂锅炉的题

先看这个类:

开始的时候, 锅炉是空的, 所以也没有煮沸.

fill()方法(填充), 填充锅炉的时候, 锅炉必须是空的, 一旦填满了, 那么empty就改为false, 表示填满了. 刚填满肯定不是煮沸状态, 所以boiled也是false.

drain()方法(抽取), 只有锅炉是满的并且煮沸之后才能抽取巧克力液体, 抽取完了, 锅炉就又空了 empty改为true.

boil()方法(煮), 煮混合液体, 要求锅炉的前提状态必须是满的 empty为false, 并且还没煮沸 boiled为false. 一旦煮沸了, 就把boiled改成true.

这个工序很好, 但是必须保证只有一个锅炉, 那么该怎么做? 请写出代码.

实现

存在多线程环境下没法达到真正单例，ChocolateBoiler:

namespace SingletonPattern
{
    public class ChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; private set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; private set; }

        private static ChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;

        private ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;
        }

        public static ChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            return _uniqueInstance ?? (_uniqueInstance = new ChocolateBoiler());
        }

        public void Fill()
        {
            if (Empty)
            {
                Empty = false;
                Boiled = false;
            }
        }

        public void Drain()
        {
            if (!Empty && Boiled)
            {
                Empty = true;
            }
        }

        public void Boil()
        {
            if (!Empty && !Boiled)
            {
                Boiled = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

使用[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]解决，SynchronizedChocolateBoiler:

using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace SingletonPattern
{
    public class SynchronizedChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; private set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; private set; }

        private static SynchronizedChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;

        private SynchronizedChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
        public static SynchronizedChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            return _uniqueInstance ?? (_uniqueInstance = new SynchronizedChocolateBoiler());
        }

        public void Fill()
        {
            if (Empty)
            {
                Empty = false;
                Boiled = false;
            }
        }

        public void Drain()
        {
            if (!Empty && Boiled)
            {
                Empty = true;
            }
        }

        public void Boil()
        {
            if (!Empty && !Boiled)
            {
                Boiled = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

再加一层判断来减少锁的开销，DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler:

namespace SingletonPattern
{
    public class DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; private set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; private set; }

        private static volatile DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;
        private static readonly object LockHelper = new object();

        private DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;
        }

        public static DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            if (_uniqueInstance == null)
            {
                lock (LockHelper)
                {
                    if (_uniqueInstance == null)
                    {
                        _uniqueInstance = new DoubleCheckChocolateBoiler();
                    }
                }
            }
            return _uniqueInstance;
        }

        public void Fill()
        {
            if (Empty)
            {
                Empty = false;
                Boiled = false;
            }
        }

        public void Drain()
        {
            if (!Empty && Boiled)
            {
                Empty = true;
            }
        }

        public void Boil()
        {
            if (!Empty && !Boiled)
            {
                Boiled = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

来源

单例模式-百度百科
使用C# (.NET Core) 实现单体设计模式 (Singleton Pattern)