Linux 磁盘- 存储

发布于：2023-01-22 ⋅ 阅读:(474) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

目录

原笔记链接(推荐看这个)

Linux 磁盘| 存储

  1. Linux du命令用于显示指定的目录或文件所占用的磁盘空间。

  2. Linux df (disk free)命令用于显示目前在 Linux 系统上的文件系统磁盘使用情况统计

  3. lsblk命令 用于列出所有可用块设备的信息，而且还能显示他们之间的依赖关系

  4. fdisk 是一个创建和维护分区表的程序，它兼容 DOS 类型的分区表、BSD 或者 SUN 类型的磁盘列表。

  5. parted 允许用户创建主分区或者拓展分区。创建这两种类型的分区的步骤还是一样，但请确保你已经指定了需要的分区类型，比如 primary （主分区）或者 extended （扩展分区）。

  6. blkid查看已格式化分区的UUID和文件系统。使用blkid可以输出分区或分区的文件系统类型，查看TYPE字段输出。

存储介质的概念

单位概念

比特Bit与字节Byte的换算关系是：1字节=8比特(字节一般作为存储单位，比特作为网速速率单位)

字节的换算

8bit = 1Byte

1KByte = 1024Byte

1MByte = 1024KByte

1GByte = 1024KByte

Linux文件系统

CentOS5：ext3 文件系统

CentOS6：ext4 文件系统

CentOS7：XFS文件系统文件系统

Linux系统结构

  • 系统结构的数据页(又称为块)

    • 数据页是计算机管理存储器的逻辑块，硬件及操作系统往往将内存和磁盘存储区分割为连续的大小相等的块，每个存储块称为一页（在许多操作系统中，页的大小通常为4KB（8个扇区，每个扇区125B，8*125B=4KB）），内存和磁盘以页为单位交换数据。

    • 验证：(Linux CentOS7)当我使用touch创建一个空文件夹时，使用du -h查看文件大小是0，此时我在里面添加一个字符1 再次查看文件大小此时就是4KB了。

Linux磁盘路径与命名规则

/dev目录当中包含了所有Linux系统中使用的外部设备，但并不存放外部驱动程序。它是一个访问这些外部设备的端口。设备文件一般存放在/dev目录下

Linux磁盘命令规则

  • SCSI、SAS、SATA接口；命名规则：/dev/sd[a-z](例如第一块识别的盘/dev/sda)

  • IDE | ATA接口命名规则：/dev/hd[a-z] (例如第一块识别的盘/dev/hda)

  • NVMe协议的硬盘(固态)：/dev/nvme0n[0-9](例如第一块识别的固态/dev/nvme0n1)

Linux分区命名

示例：SATA接口第一个分区：/dev/sda1；第二个分区：/dev/sda2

示例：IDE接口第一个分区：/dev/hda1；第二个分区：/dev/hda2

示例：NVMe协议的磁盘(固态)第一个分区：/dev/nvme0n1p1；第二个分区：/dev/nvme0n1p2
在这里插入图片描述

Linux磁盘的查询

Linux挂载|卸载磁盘

  • 挂载分区的配置文件/etc/fstab

  • 临时挂载命令[Linux]mount

  • 永久挂载

    • 永久挂载方式1：使用Linux磁盘的UUID

    • 永久挂载方式2：使用磁盘名称

    • 7、ₛₗ实现分区sdb2的永久挂载 [永久挂载方式1：使用Linux磁盘的UUID]

  • 卸载命令[Linux]umount

    示例：umount /home/qusay/1G_sdb1

  • 示例：查看CentOS7挂载磁盘情况 [[Linux]egrep]

    [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/fstab 
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d96e251d-d6c0-4922-a28b-a0e7bf57b49a /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

创建分区

2、ₛₗ使用fdisk命令创建一个主分区512M分区， [[Linux]fdisk]

4、ₛₗ或使用parted命令创建分区 [[Linux]parted]

格式化分区

分区完成后，如果不格式化写入文件系统，则是不能正常使用的。这时就需要使用 mkfs 命令对硬盘分区进行格式化。

删除分区

parted命令互交模式删除分区 text 代码块

RAID磁盘阵列

示例

  • 演示：添加一块机械磁盘，分区并挂载，并实现永久挂载 (分区使用[Linux]fdisk<互交>与[Linux]parted<互交式>)

    • 1、ₛₗ插入一块SCSI接口的磁盘，查询识别的名称 [Linux磁盘的查询]

      • 示例：方式1：查询新加的一块1G的磁盘，查询全部 sudo fdisk -lu [Linux]fdisk:-l``-u[=<unit>]]

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo fdisk -lu 

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009d4b7

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

      • 示例：方式2查询未分区的磁盘，查询全部 sudo parted -l | grep "Error" [[Linux]parted]

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo parted -l | grep "Error"
[sudo] password for qusay: 
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label

    • 2、ₛₗ使用fdisk命令创建一个主分区512M分区， [[Linux]fdisk]

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc811fdfa.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +512M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 512 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$

    • 3、ₛₗ验证创建的分区情况

      • 示例：方式1查询/dev/sdb分区情况 fdisk -l /dev/sdb

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc811fdfa

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     1050623      524288   83  Linux

      • 示例：方式2查询未分区的磁盘，查询全部 sudo parted -l

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$   sudo parted -l /dev/sdb
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  107GB   106GB   primary               lvm


Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  538MB  537MB  primary


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 50.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  50.5GB  50.5GB  xfs


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags
 1      0.00B  2147MB  2147MB  linux-swap(v1)


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  53.7GB  53.7GB  xfs

    • 4、ₛₗ或使用parted命令创建分区 [[Linux]parted]

      • 创建一个分区

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo parted /dev/sdb   # 进入互交模式 #
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print       # 查看sdb的分区 #
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  644MB  643MB  ext4         sdb1

(parted) rm 1      # 删除分区1 #
(parted) print     # 查看分区  #                                                      
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) mkpart     # 创建分区 #                                                    
Partition name?  []? sdb001         # 设置名称，Ilj #                                      
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4     # 分区类型 #                                      
Start? 0%                           # 直接以百分比设置范围大小 #                                      
End? 100%                           # 直接以百分比设置范围大小 #
(parted) print                      # 检查一下情况 #                                      
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name    Flags
 1      1049kB  1073MB  1072MB  ext4         sdb001           # 有了 #

      • 创建两个分区

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name    Flags
 1      1049kB  1073MB  1072MB  ext4         sdb001

(parted) rm 1                                                             
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? 001                                                  
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0%                                                                 
End? 50%                                                                  
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  537MB  536MB  ext4         001

(parted) mkpart 002 ext4 50% 100%
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  537MB   536MB  ext4         001
 2      537MB   1073MB  536MB               002

    • 5、格式化mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 [ mkfs.ext4]

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
mkfs.ext4: Permission denied while trying to determine filesystem size
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 523264 blocks
26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
64 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

    • 6、ₛₗ挂载分区sdb1、sdb2 [临时挂载命令[Linux]mount]

      • 查看一下刚刚创建两个分区 [[Linux]fdisk]

        • 用fdisk命令查看

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 564F0757-FD82-4C66-8EA4-82A557D80AB8


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048      1048575    511M  Microsoft basic 001
 2      1048576      2095103    511M  Microsoft basic 002

        • 直接在文件夹中查看

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ ll /dev/sdb*        
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Aug 11 08:10 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Aug 11 08:10 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 Aug 11 08:10 /dev/sdb2

      • 开始挂载

        • 0、没有格式化直接挂载将报错：mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

          • [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /home/qusay/sdb1/

            mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

            解决方案：格式化/dev/sdb1

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ mount /dev/sdb1 /home/qusay/sdb1
mount: only root can do that
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /home/qusay/sdb1
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error

       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail or so.
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /home/qusay/sdb1/
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error

       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail or so.

        • 1、挂载磁盘sdb分区1

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /home/qusay/sdb1

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  3.3G   47G   7% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  151M  864M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   47G  620M   47G   2% /home
tmpfs                    182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1                487M  2.3M  456M   1% /home/qusay/sdb1

        • 2、挂载磁盘sdb分区2

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /home/qusay/sdb2

    • 7、ₛₗ实现分区sdb2的永久挂载 [永久挂载方式1：使用Linux磁盘的UUID]

      • 1、ₛₗ查询sdb2的UUID [Linux]blkid]

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo  blkid | grep sdb2
/dev/sdb2: UUID="c5a3932b-f524-4f72-81ee-c5994092c671" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="002" PARTUUID="4a72a069-633e-42de-9062-dd7cc82ccbd5"

      • 2、ₛₗ编辑/etc/fstab

        # /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Jul 22 21:37:47 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d96e251d-d6c0-4922-a28b-a0e7bf57b49a /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=c5a3932b-f524-4f72-81ee-c5994092c671 /home/qusay/sdb2        ext4    defaults        0 0

      • 3、重启设备之后查看，sdb2还在，sdb1没了

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  3.3G   47G   7% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  151M  864M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   47G  620M   47G   2% /home
/dev/sdb2                487M  2.3M  456M   1% /home/qusay/sdb2
tmpfs                    182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1000
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$

  • 演示：添加2块2G固态硬盘，分区并挂载，并实现永久挂载(分区使用[Linux]parted<命令行OPTIONS>)

    第1块固态

    分区1区

    • 1、ₛₗ查看 加载|识别的 磁盘的名称 [[Linux]lsblk]

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0    1G  0 disk 
├─sdb1            8:17   0  511M  0 part 
└─sdb2            8:18   0  511M  0 part /home/qusay/sdb2
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
nvme0n1         259:0    0    2G  0 disk
nvme0n2         259:1    0    2G  0 disk

    • 2、ₛₗ使用parted创建分区 <命令行>

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1 mklabel gpt mkpart xfs 0% 100%   
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

      • 验证创建的分区

        • 方式1：lsblk -a

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ lsblk -a
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0    1G  0 disk 
├─sdb1            8:17   0  511M  0 part 
└─sdb2            8:18   0  511M  0 part /home/qusay/sdb2
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
nvme0n1         259:0    0    2G  0 disk 
└─nvme0n1p1     259:2    0    2G  0 part 
nvme0n2         259:1    0    2G  0 disk

        • 方式2：sudo parted -l

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo parted -l
...

Model: NVMe Device (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  2146MB  2145MB               xfs


Error: /dev/nvme0n2: unrecognised disk label
Model: NVMe Device (nvme)                                                 
Disk /dev/nvme0n2: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:

        • 方式3：sudo fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: CB3E9EBB-5810-444F-85D2-DF1ACC45662D


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048      4192255      2G  Microsoft basic xfs

        • 方式4：ll /dev/nvme0n1* 

          [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$  ll /dev/nvme0n1*   
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 0 Aug 11 19:26 /dev/nvme0n1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 3 Aug 11 19:26 /dev/nvme0n1p1

    • 3、ₛₗ格式化/dev/nvme0n1p1 [[Linux]mkfs]

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo  mkfs -t xfs /dev/nvme0n1p1 
[sudo] password for qusay: 
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p1         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=130944 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=523776, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

    • 4、ₛₗ挂载分区/dev/nvme0n1p1到/home/qusay/nvme01-p1 <临时挂载与永久挂载>

      • ₛₗ创建文件夹：mkdir /home/qusay/nvme01-p1

      • ₛₗ临时挂载，并查询挂载情况 [临时挂载命令[Linux]mount[Linux]df]

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /home/qusay/nvme01-p1 

        [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  3.3G   47G   7% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  151M  864M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   47G  620M   47G   2% /home
/dev/sdb2                487M  2.3M  456M   1% /home/qusay/sdb2
tmpfs                    182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/nvme0n1p1           2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /home/qusay/nvme01-p1

      • ₛₗ永久挂载方式2：使用磁盘名称

        # Created by anaconda on Fri Jul 22 21:37:47 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d96e251d-d6c0-4922-a28b-a0e7bf57b49a /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=c5a3932b-f524-4f72-81ee-c5994092c671 /home/qusay/sdb2        ext4    defaults        0 0
/dev/nvme0n1p1         /home/qusay/nvme01-p1   xfs     defaults 0 0

      • 如果没有格式化，并且只修改了配置文件后直接重启将会无法进入系统，(进入救援模式)原因：没有3、ₛₗ格式化/dev/nvme0n1p1 [[Linux]mkfs]

        [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-8RKicK26-1660200686414)(image/image_cxIksrPVnt.png)]

        输入root密码注释掉刚刚加入的配置，重启

    第2块固态

    分2两个区，各1G，并挂载

    1、分区

    1. 设置磁盘类型为gpt ：sudo parted /dev/nvme0n2 mklabel gpt

    2. 设置磁盘分区1：sudo parted /dev/nvme0n2 mkpart n201 xfs 0% 50%

    3. 设置磁盘分区2：sudo parted /dev/nvme0n2 mkpart n202 xfs 50% 100%

    4. 查看分区情况：sudo parted -l

      • 详情

        Model: NVMe Device (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n2: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  1074MB  1073MB               n201
 2      1074MB  2146MB  1073MB               n202

    2、格式化

    1. 格式化分区1：sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1

    2. 格式化分区2：sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/nvme0n2p2

    3、挂载分区

    1. ₛₗ[临时挂载命令[Linux]mount]

       sudo mount /dev/nvme0n2p1 /home/qusay/nvme0n2p1 
 sudo mount /dev/nvme0n2p2 /home/qusay/nvme0n2p2

    2. ₛₗ挂载分区1 [永久挂载方式1：使用Linux磁盘的UUID&[永久挂载方式2：使用磁盘名称]]

      /dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="df06ece4-62f9-4f32-b97d-6bbe21cc1451" 
/dev/nvme0n2p2: UUID="a247ea7e-be14-4c15-bb63-9ad11330d89d"

      ₛₗ/etc/fstab追加两行，以两种不同的方式永久挂载 [/etc/fstab]

      UUID=df06ece4-62f9-4f32-b97d-6bbe21cc1451 /home/qusay/nvme0n2p1 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/nvme0n2p2                            /home/qusay/nvme0n2p2 xfs defaults 0 0

    3. ₛₗ验证卸载，并重启 [[Linux]umount]

      [qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo umount /home/qusay/nvme0n2p1
[qusay@CentOS7 ~]$ sudo umount /home/qusay/nvme0n2p2

碎片概念

  • Linux磁盘的UUID

    • 分区标识符
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