apache编译安装，服务控制方式
文章目录
1.下载httpd源码包并解压
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
2.安装开发环境和apr依赖包,和解压依赖包
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# dnf -y groups mark install "Development Tools"
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
[root@192 src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
[root@192 src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
3.编译安装apr依赖包
进入配置文件修改配置文件，将 R M " RM " RM"cfgfile"注释掉或者删掉
[root@192 apr-1.6.5]# vim configure //修改配置文件
[root@192 apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr //指定安装在某个目录
[root@192 apr-1.6.5]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make //安装编译锅具
[root@192 apr-1.6.5]# make && make install //进行编译安装
[root@192 src]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@192 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
4.编译安装httpd服务
[root@192 httpd-2.4.54]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@192 httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@192 httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
5.配置全局变量，并关闭防火墙和selinux，然后开启httpd服务
[root@192 ~]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin/' >> /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@192 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@192 ~]# apachectl
[root@192 ~]# ss -anltup
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:(("sshd",pid=1026,fd=5))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("httpd",pid=42002,fd=4),("httpd",pid=42001,fd=4),("httpd",pid=42000,fd=4),("httpd",pid=41999,fd=4),("httpd",pid=41998,fd=4),("httpd",pid=41997,fd=4))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* users:(("sshd",pid=1026,fd=7))
[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@192 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@192 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@192 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
6.访问网站
7.服务控制systemctl
//status name.service //查看服务状态
[root@192 ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; disabled; vendor prese>
Active: inactive (dead)
// start name.service //启动服务
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl start postfix
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; disabled; vendor prese>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:34:39 CST; 30s ago
Process: 1776 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1775 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, stat>
Process: 1770 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0>
Main PID: 1845 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
// stop name.service //停止服务
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl stop postfix.service
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; disabled; vendor prese>
Active: inactive (dead)
Jul 13 21:29:45 192.168.159.100 postfix[1729]: fatal: unable to use my own hostname
Jul 13 21:29:46 192.168.159.100 systemd[1]: postfix.service: Control process exite>
Jul 13 21:29:46 192.168.159.100 systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'e>
Jul 13 21:29:46 192.168.159.100 systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport>
Jul 13 21:34:38 hwf systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
Jul 13 21:34:39 hwf postfix/master[1845]: daemon started -- version 3.5.8, configu>
Jul 13 21:34:39 hwf systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
Jul 13 21:36:22 hwf systemd[1]: Stopping Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
Jul 13 21:36:22 hwf systemd[1]: postfix.service: Succeeded.
Jul 13 21:36:22 hwf systemd[1]: Stopped Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
// restart name.service //重启服务
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; disabled; vendor prese>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:37:28 CST; 4s ago
Process: 1908 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1906 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, stat>
Process: 1903 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0>
Main PID: 1976 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
Memory: 4.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─1976 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─1977 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─1978 qmgr -l -t unix -u
Jul 13 21:37:27 hwf systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
Jul 13 21:37:28 hwf postfix/master[1976]: daemon started -- version 3.5.8, configu>
Jul 13 21:37:28 hwf systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
//mask name.service //禁止设定为开机自启
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl mask postfix.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/postfix.service → /dev/null.
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service
Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit postfix.service is masked.)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:37:28 CST; 1min 27s ago
Main PID: 1976 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
Memory: 4.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─1976 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─1977 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─1978 qmgr -l -t unix -u
// unmask name.service //取消禁止设定为开机自启
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl unmask postfix.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/postfix.service.
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset:>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:37:28 CST; 2min 28s ago
Main PID: 1976 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
Memory: 4.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─1976 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─1977 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─1978 qmgr -l -t unix -u
// enable name.service //设定某服务开机自动启动
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl enable postfix
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset:>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:37:28 CST; 5min ago
Main PID: 1976 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
Memory: 4.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─1976 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─1977 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─1978 qmgr -l -t unix -u
//disable name.service //禁止服务开机自动启动
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl disable postfix
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service.
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl status postfix
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; disabled; vendor preset>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 21:37:28 CST; 5min ago
Main PID: 1976 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23502)
Memory: 4.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─1976 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─1977 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─1978 qmgr -l -t unix -u
//is-enabled name.service //查看服务是否开机自动启动
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl is-enabled postfix.service
disabled
// is-active name.service //查看某服务当前激活与否的状态
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl is-active postfix.service
active
list-dependencies name.service //查看服务的依赖关系
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl list-dependencies postfix.service
postfix.service
● ├─-.mount
● ├─system.slice
● └─sysinit.target
● ├─dev-hugepages.mount
● ├─dev-mqueue.mount
● ├─dracut-shutdown.service
● ├─import-state.service
● ├─kmod-static-nodes.service
● ├─ldconfig.service
● ├─loadmodules.service
● ├─lvm2-lvmpolld.socket
● ├─lvm2-monitor.service
● ├─nis-domainname.service
● ├─plymouth-read-write.service
● ├─plymouth-start.service
● ├─proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount
● ├─selinux-autorelabel-mark.service
● ├─sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
● ├─sys-kernel-config.mount
● ├─sys-kernel-debug.mount
● ├─systemd-ask-password-console.path
● ├─systemd-binfmt.service
● ├─systemd-firstboot.service
//get-default //查看默认运行级别
[root@hwf ~]# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target
8.设置apache开机自启
进入 /usr/lib/systemd/system找到sshd服务，复制出另一份来修改配置文件
[root@hwf system]# cp sshd.service httpd.servier
[root@hwf system]# vim httpd.servier
[root@hwf system]# cat httpd.servier
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@hwf system]#
//重新加载一下配置文件
[root@hwf system]# systemctl daemon-reload //重新加载命令
[root@hwf system]# systemctl status httpd.service //查看状态
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: >
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
[root@hwf system]# systemctl start httpd.service //开启服务
[root@hwf system]# systemctl enable httpd.service //开启开机自启服务
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@hwf system]# ss -anltup
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:(("sshd",pid=953,fd=4))
tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* users:(("master",pid=1976,fd=16))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("httpd",pid=2295,fd=4),("httpd",pid=2294,fd=4),("httpd",pid=2293,fd=4),("httpd",pid=2291,fd=4))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* users:(("sshd",pid=953,fd=6))
tcp LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* users:(("master",pid=1976,fd=17))
9.网络常用命令
//修改一下网卡的配置文件
[root@hwf network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-eth0
[root@hwf network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
[root@hwf network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
UUID=c0401f32-6948-472e-9bd5-905bc5fca573
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.159.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.159.2
DNS1=192.168.159.2
[root@hwf network-scripts]#
//编辑/etc/default/grub配置文件，在以GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX开头的行内rhgb的前面加上net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
[root@hwf network-scripts]# vim /etc/default/grub
[root@hwf network-scripts]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/cl-swap rd.lvm.lv=cl/root rd.lvm.lv=cl/swap net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
//为grub2生成其配置文件
[root@hwf ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
done
//重启系统
[root@hwf ~]# reboot
[root@hwf ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.159.143/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft 1665sec preferred_lft 1665sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10.ifconfig命令
//先安装ifconfig
[root@hwf ~]# yum provides ifconfig
[root@hwf ~]# dnf -y install net-tools
[root@hwf ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.159.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.159.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1044 bytes 407080 (397.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 598 bytes 63617 (62.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
//进查看eth0的网卡状态
[root@hwf ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.159.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.159.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1058 bytes 408108 (398.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 610 bytes 65611 (64.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
//查看所有网卡状态信息, 包括禁用和启用
[root@hwf ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.159.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.159.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1082 bytes 409908 (400.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 628 bytes 67709 (66.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
11.ip
//语法：ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OBJECT：
link：网络接口属性
addr：协议地址
route：路由
//查看网络接口所有地址
[root@hwf ~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//显示报文统计信息
[root@hwf ~]# ip -s link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
RX: bytes packets errors dropped missed mcast
0 0 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
0 0 0 0 0 0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped missed mcast
415670 1161 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
72799 671 0 0 0 0
//启用或禁用网络接口ip link set DEV {up|down}
[root@hwf ~]# ip link set lo down
[root@hwf ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.159.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.159.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1220 bytes 420128 (410.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 706 bytes 76891 (75.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
//ip addr add ADDRESS dev DEV：添加IP地址
[root@hwf ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.159.143/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft 1040sec preferred_lft 1040sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hwf ~]# ip addr add 192.168.159.200/24 dev eth0
[root@hwf ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.159.100/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.159.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//删除ip地址
[root@hwf ~]# ip addr del 192.168.159.200/24 dev eth0
[root@hwf ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.159.100/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//ip addr show DEV：查看网络接口的地址
12.route
Linux主机之间是使用IP进行通信， 假设A主机和B主机同在一个网段内且网卡都处于激活状态， 则A具备和B直接通信的能力， 但如果A主机和B主机处于两个不同的网段， 则A必须通过路由器才能和B通信， 路由器属于IT设备的基础设施， 每一个网段都应该至少有一个网关
//查看当前路由表
[root@hwf ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.159.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.159.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
//以数字方式显示各主机或端口等相关信息
[root@hwf ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.159.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.159.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
//增加路由
//语法：route add [-net|-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw Gw] [[dev] If]
//增加网段路由
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 172.16.12.0/24 gw 172.16.12.2 dev eth1
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 172.16.12.2 dev eth1
//增加主机路由
[root@localhost ~]# route add -host 172.16.12.128 gw 172.16.12.2
//删除路由
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 172.16.12.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 172.16.12.2
13.hostname和hostnamectl
生产环境中必须配置主机名,同时主机名也需要遵循一定的规范, 比如:
公有云: 地区-项目-业务-服务-节点-地址
wh-shop-register-nginx-node1-192.168.56.13
wh-med-pay-mysql-master01-192.168.56.11
wh-med-pay-mysql-slave01-192.168.56.12
//hostname查看主机名
[root@hwf ~]# hostname
hwf
//hostname临时修改主机名
[root@hwf ~]# hostname hhh
[root@hwf ~]# cat /etc/hostname //需要重新登录才能显示
hwf
//rhel7系统建议使用hostnamectl修改和查看主机名
//设定永久名称
[root@hwf ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname hhh
[root@hwf ~]# cat /etc/hostname
hhh
//查看主机信息
[root@hwf ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: hhh
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 90d8f3e50b144a24b3c0821244efb674
Boot ID: 301b28e156874d7eb636e4dd05c94eac
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:8
Kernel: Linux 4.18.0-348.el8.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
改和查看主机名
//设定永久名称
[root@hwf ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname hhh
[root@hwf ~]# cat /etc/hostname
hhh
//查看主机信息
[root@hwf ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: hhh
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 90d8f3e50b144a24b3c0821244efb674
Boot ID: 301b28e156874d7eb636e4dd05c94eac
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:8
Kernel: Linux 4.18.0-348.el8.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
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