Python - list (append, extend, split)

发布于:2024-05-30 ⋅ 阅读:(120) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

Python list 与 Java 数组

Python list使用[]包裹,类似于Java 数组。不同点在于Python list元素可以是任意类型,Java 数组元组只能是基本数据类型之一。

>>> a = ['a', 2, [1,2]]
>>> type(a)
<class 'list'>

Python 声明了列表a,元素类型有:字符型、int、列表。

int[] arr1;
char[] arr2

Java 声明数组时就确定了元素类型,基本数据类型【byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean】的一种,不能既是int又是long。

列表扩展

append

list.append(x)

Add an item to the end of the list; equivalent to a[len(a):] = [x]

--- 官方文档描述

extend

list.extend(L)

Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list; equivalent to a[len(a):] = L.

将所有元素追加到已知list来扩充。

--- 官方文档描述

extend 对象是iterable

>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++', 'c']
>>> lst.extend(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

0是int类型的对象,不是iterable的。

>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++', 'c']
>>> lst.extend("hi")
>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++', 'c', 'javascript', 'h', 'i']

将字符串转为列表后,把列表作为参数传给extend,列表最终被塞入原来的列表中。

何为 iterable

迭代是重复反馈过程的活动,其目的通常是为了接近并到达所需的目标或结果。

--- 维基百科

Pyhton 判断一个对象是否可迭代

>>> astr = "python"
>>> hasattr(astr, '__iter__')
True
>>> hasattr(18, '__iter__')
False

字符串类型是可迭代的,int是不可迭代的。

原地扩容

原地扩容,即内存地址不变,内容发生改变。

id() 获取内存地址

id()是Python内置函数,用来返回对象的内存地址。

>>> lst = ['java', 'python']
>>> id(lst)
140624395511424
>>> new = ['go', 'c++']
>>> lst.extend(new)
>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++']
>>> id(lst)
140624395511424
>>> lst.append('c')
>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++', 'c']
>>> id(lst)
140624395511424

lst经过extend()方法,append()方法扩容后,内存地址不变,但内容增多。 

原地扩容无返回值

>>> lst
['java', 'python', 'go', 'c++', 'c']
>>> res = lst.append('javascript') # 没有返回值
>>> res # 打印内容为空

原地修改就没有返回值

字符串转list

Python使用split()将字符串转为list。

split(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
  Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string. 
  
  sep
    The separator used to split the string.

    When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace
    character (including \n \r \t \f and spaces) and will discard
    empty strings from the result.
  maxsplit
    Maximum number of splits (starting from the left).
    -1 (the default value) means no limit.

Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally
delimited.  With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using
the regular expression module.
>>> line = "Hello.I am Jack.Welcome you."
>>> line.split(".")
['Hello', 'I am Jack', 'Welcome you', '']
>>> line.split(".",1)
['Hello', 'I am Jack.Welcome you.']
>>> line.split(".",2)
['Hello', 'I am Jack', 'Welcome you.']
>>> line.split(".",3)
['Hello', 'I am Jack', 'Welcome you', '']
>>> line.split(".",4)
['Hello', 'I am Jack', 'Welcome you', '']

根据以上示例可知,maxsplit是使用的分割符的数量。


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