【操作与配置】VSCode配置C/C++及远程开发

MINGW环境配置

进入网站，如下图下载：MinGW Distro - nuwen.net

运行安装包，使其安装在你指定的位置

将MinGW的bin目录添加到系统的环境变量PATH中

• 使用 win+x 选择进入“系统”
• 点击“高级系统设置”
• 在“系统属性：高级”窗口中，点击“环境变量”按钮
• 在“环境变量”窗口中，在“系统变量”中点击Path
• 在“编辑环境变量”窗口中，点击“新建”，然后输入MinGW的bin目录路径，例如C:\MinGW\bin。
• 点击“确定”保存更改。

检测环境是否配置成功

• 打开 win+r ，输入 cmd 打开命令行窗口
• 输入gcc -v若出现相关信息则配置成功

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=D:\CPPcode\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=D:/CPPcode/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../src/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --disable-multilib --prefix=/e/temp/gcc/dest --with-sysroot=/e/temp/gcc/dest --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-verbose --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-win32-registry --enable-threads=posix --enable-libgomp --with-zstd=/c/mingw
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 13.2.0 (GCC)

VSCode插件安装

插件安装后需重启VSCode方可生效

点击左侧的扩展图标（或按Ctrl+Shift+X）进入插件市场，搜索Chinese，安装第一个

在搜索栏中输入C++，然后安装C/C++扩展（Microsoft开发的）

按Ctrl+Shift+P调出命令面板，输入C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI)并选择它。设置你的编译器路径。(一般默认即可)

配置 VSCode 的任务和调试

工作目录下创建一个名为.vscode的文件夹和*c_cpp_properties.json文件已经为我们创建完毕，我们需要在其中再创建以下三个文件：tasks.json、launch.json和settings.json。

tasks.json 文件定义了 VSCode 中的构建任务。你可以配置 VSCode 在构建（编译）你的项目时应执行的操作。例如，使用 g++ 编译器编译 C++ 代码。

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "(gdb) Launch",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": true,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "D:/CPPcode/MinGW/bin/gdb.exe",  // 修改为你的编译器路径
      "preLaunchTask": "g++",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

launch.json 文件定义了调试配置。你可以配置 VSCode 如何启动和调试你的应用程序，包括设置调试器路径、启动参数等。

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "(gdb) Launch",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": true,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "D:/CPPcode/MinGW/bin/gdb.exe",  // 修改为你的编译器路径
      "preLaunchTask": "g++",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

settings.json 文件主要配置了文件关联和一些编辑器的行为设置。

{
    "C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "D:/CPPcode/MinGW/bin/g++.exe",  // 修改为你的编译器路径
    "C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
    "C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++17",
    "C_Cpp.default.cStandard": "c11",
    "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**"
    ],
    "files.associations": {
        "*.py": "python",
        "iostream": "cpp",
        "*.tcc": "cpp",
        "string": "cpp",
        "unordered_map": "cpp",
        "vector": "cpp",
        "ostream": "cpp",
        "new": "cpp",
        "typeinfo": "cpp",
        "deque": "cpp",
        "initializer_list": "cpp",
        "iosfwd": "cpp",
        "fstream": "cpp",
        "sstream": "cpp",
        "map": "c",
        "stdio.h": "c",
        "algorithm": "cpp",
        "atomic": "cpp",
        "bit": "cpp",
        "cctype": "cpp",
        "clocale": "cpp",
        "cmath": "cpp",
        "compare": "cpp",
        "concepts": "cpp",
        "cstddef": "cpp",
        "cstdint": "cpp",
        "cstdio": "cpp",
        "cstdlib": "cpp",
        "cstring": "cpp",
        "ctime": "cpp",
        "cwchar": "cpp",
        "exception": "cpp",
        "ios": "cpp",
        "istream": "cpp",
        "iterator": "cpp",
        "limits": "cpp",
        "memory": "cpp",
        "random": "cpp",
        "set": "cpp",
        "stack": "cpp",
        "stdexcept": "cpp",
        "streambuf": "cpp",
        "system_error": "cpp",
        "tuple": "cpp",
        "type_traits": "cpp",
        "utility": "cpp",
        "xfacet": "cpp",
        "xiosbase": "cpp",
        "xlocale": "cpp",
        "xlocinfo": "cpp",
        "xlocnum": "cpp",
        "xmemory": "cpp",
        "xstddef": "cpp",
        "xstring": "cpp",
        "xtr1common": "cpp",
        "xtree": "cpp",
        "xutility": "cpp",
        "stdlib.h": "c",
        "string.h": "c"
    },
    "editor.suggest.snippetsPreventQuickSuggestions": false,
    "aiXcoder.showTrayIcon": true,
    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
    "editor.tabSize": 4,
    "editor.wordWrap": "on",
    "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
    "files.autoSaveDelay": 1000,
    "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"
}

至此，Windows主机已经可以正常编译调试代码了

服务器G++环境配置

在乌班图云服务器上安装 C++ 开发环境，包括编译器（如 g++）和调试器（如 gdb）：

• 更新系统软件包列表：

  sudo apt update
  

• 安装 C++ 编译器和调试器：

  sudo apt install g++ gdb
  

配置 VSCode 远程开发环境

在本地的 VSCode 中安装远程开发插件：Remote - SSH

打开设置，在Remote - SSH 中如图勾选

新建链接,输入用户名及ip地址

ssh  username@ip

出现问题尝试清理 C:\Users\username\.ssh 下的所有文件内容

在你输入密码登录之后，VS Code 服务器会自动安装到 /root/.vscode-server 目录。

如果你需要进行 C++ 的开发和调试：

• 创建 .vscode 文件夹： 在你的项目根目录下创建一个名为 .vscode 的文件夹。

• 将 tasks.json 和 launch.json 复制到 .vscode 文件夹中： 将下面提供的 tasks.json 和 launch.json 的内容分别复制到 .vscode 文件夹下的对应文件中。

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "build",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "g++",
      "args": [
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
      ],
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "detail": "Generated task by vscode for building C++ files"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "(gdb) Launch",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "preLaunchTask": "build",
      "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
    }
  ]
}