Ansible模块——服务管理和设置定时任务

设置定时任务

ansible.builtin.cron：设置 cron 定时任务。

- name: Creates a cron file under /etc/cron.d
  ansible.builtin.cron:
    name: yum autoupdate
    weekday: "2"
    minute: "0"
    hour: "12"
    user: root
    job: "YUMINTERACTIVE=0 /usr/sbin/yum-autoupdate"
    cron_file: ansible_yum-autoupdate

- name: Removes a cron file from under /etc/cron.d
  ansible.builtin.cron:
    name: "yum autoupdate"
    cron_file: ansible_yum-autoupdate
    state: absent

- name: Removes "APP_HOME" environment variable from crontab
  ansible.builtin.cron:
    name: APP_HOME
    env: yes
    state: absent

- name: set PATH env
  ansible.builtin.cron:
    name: PATH
    env: yes
    job: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    user: root

这里要注意一点，设置 job 时 name 不能重复，Ansible 通过 name 来确定任务。

举个例子，当前 cron 如下：

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
#Ansible: cron test
* * * * * root echo $(date) >> /tmp/date.log

使用下边这个 YAML 进行删除：

- name: Remove cron job
  ansible.builtin.cron:
    name: cron test
    job: echo "test" >> /tmp/date.log
    user: root
    state: absent
    cron_file: cron_date

可以将 * * * * * root echo $(date) >> /tmp/date.log 任务删除，因为是通过 cron test 来进行匹配的。

backup 测试没生效，没用明白，不过这个应该用的不多。

服务管理

ansible.builtin.systemd

ansible.builtin.systemd 用于管理 systemd 管理的服务。

常用选项：

- name: Make sure a service unit is running
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    state: started
    name: httpd

- name: Stop service cron on debian, if running
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    name: cron
    state: stopped

- name: Restart service cron on centos, in all cases, also issue daemon-reload to pick up config changes
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    state: restarted
    daemon_reload: true
    name: crond

- name: Reload service httpd, in all cases
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    name: httpd.service
    state: reloaded

- name: Enable service httpd and ensure it is not masked
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    name: httpd
    enabled: true
    masked: no

- name: Enable a timer unit for dnf-automatic
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    name: dnf-automatic.timer
    state: started
    enabled: true

- name: Just force systemd to reread configs (2.4 and above)
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    daemon_reload: true

- name: Just force systemd to re-execute itself (2.8 and above)
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    daemon_reexec: true

- name: Run a user service when XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set on remote login
  ansible.builtin.systemd_service:
    name: myservice
    state: started
    scope: user
  environment:
    XDG_RUNTIME_DIR: "/run/user/{{ myuid }}"

ansible.builtin.service

ansible.builtin.service 通用型服务管理模块（自动识别 init/systemd/upstart），适用于 RHEL 6 以及之前的系统。

- name: Start service httpd, if not started
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: httpd
    state: started

- name: Stop service httpd, if started
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: httpd
    state: stopped

- name: Restart service httpd, in all cases
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: httpd
    state: restarted

- name: Reload service httpd, in all cases
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: httpd
    state: reloaded

- name: Enable service httpd, and not touch the state
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: httpd
    enabled: yes

- name: Start service foo, based on running process /usr/bin/foo
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: foo
    pattern: /usr/bin/foo
    state: started

- name: Restart network service for interface eth0
  ansible.builtin.service:
    name: network
    state: restarted
    args: eth0