STM32+腾讯物联网平台OTA升级详细教程
一、什么是OTA升级
什么是OTA升级
定义
- OTA（Over-The-Air）升级是一种通过无线网络对设备进行软件更新的技术。它广泛应用于智能手机、智能家居设备、汽车等电子设备中，允许用户在不连接电脑或使用物理介质的情况下，直接通过互联网下载并安装更新。
应用场景
- 智能手机：更新操作系统、修复安全漏洞、改进功能。
- 汽车：更新车载系统、优化驾驶体验、提升安全性。
- 智能家居设备：更新固件、增加新功能、提高性能。
升级过程
- 检测更新：设备自动或手动检查是否有可用的更新。
- 下载更新包：从服务器下载新的软件版本。
- 安装更新：设备安装下载的更新包。
- 重启设备：部分更新需要重启设备以完成安装。
优势
- 便捷性：用户无需亲自前往服务中心即可完成更新。
- 及时性：厂商可以快速推送重要更新和修复。
- 成本效益：减少物理维护的成本和时间。
注意事项
- 网络连接：确保设备连接到稳定的网络。
- 电量充足：避免在低电量情况下进行更新。
- 备份数据：重要数据建议提前备份，以防意外丢失。
二、腾讯物联网SDK移植
参考我这篇博文STM32+rt-thread使用MQTT协议连接腾讯物联网平台
三、STM32 OTA代码移植
直接使用腾讯sdk示例的代码。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "lite-utils.h"
#include "qcloud_iot_export.h"
#include "qcloud_iot_import.h"
#include "utils_getopt.h"
#define FW_RUNNING_MCU_VERSION "mcu_v1.0.0"
#define FW_RUNNING_MODULE_VERSION "module_v1.0.0"
#define KEY_VER "version"
#define KEY_SIZE "downloaded_size"
#define FW_VERSION_MAX_LEN 32
#define FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN 128
#define OTA_BUF_LEN 5000
#define FW_INFO_FILE_DATA_LEN 128
#define OTA_HTTP_MAX_FETCHED_SIZE (50 * 1024)
#define MAX_OTA_RETRY_CNT 5
typedef struct OTAContextData {
void *ota_handle;
void *mqtt_client;
char fw_file_path[FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN];
char fw_info_file_path[FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN];
// remote_version means version for the FW in the cloud and to be downloaded
char remote_version[FW_VERSION_MAX_LEN];
uint32_t fw_file_size;
IOT_OTAFWType fw_type; /* fw type */
// for resuming download
/* local_version means downloading but not running */
char local_version[FW_VERSION_MAX_LEN];
int downloaded_size;
// to make sure report is acked
bool report_pub_ack;
int report_packet_id;
uint32_t ota_fail_cnt;
} OTAContextData;
static DeviceInfo sg_devInfo;
static void _event_handler(void *pclient, void *handle_context, MQTTEventMsg *msg)
{
uintptr_t packet_id = (uintptr_t)msg->msg;
OTAContextData *ota_ctx = (OTAContextData *)handle_context;
switch (msg->event_type) {
case MQTT_EVENT_UNDEF:
Log_i("undefined event occur.");
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
Log_i("MQTT disconnect.");
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_RECONNECT:
Log_i("MQTT reconnect.");
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_SUBCRIBE_SUCCESS:
Log_i("subscribe success, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_SUBCRIBE_TIMEOUT:
Log_i("subscribe wait ack timeout, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_SUBCRIBE_NACK:
Log_i("subscribe nack, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISH_SUCCESS:
Log_i("publish success, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
if (ota_ctx->report_packet_id == packet_id)
ota_ctx->report_pub_ack = true;
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT:
Log_i("publish timeout, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISH_NACK:
Log_i("publish nack, packet-id=%u", (unsigned int)packet_id);
break;
default:
Log_i("Should NOT arrive here.");
break;
}
}
static int _setup_connect_init_params(MQTTInitParams *initParams, void *ota_ctx, DeviceInfo *device_info)
{
initParams->region = device_info->region;
initParams->product_id = device_info->product_id;
initParams->device_name = device_info->device_name;
#ifdef AUTH_MODE_CERT
char certs_dir[16] = "certs";
char current_path[128];
char *cwd = getcwd(current_path, sizeof(current_path));
if (cwd == NULL) {
Log_e("getcwd return NULL");
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
#ifdef WIN32
HAL_Snprintf(initParams->cert_file, FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "%s\\%s\\%s", current_path, certs_dir,
device_info->dev_cert_file_name);
HAL_Snprintf(initParams->key_file, FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "%s\\%s\\%s", current_path, certs_dir,
device_info->dev_key_file_name);
#else
HAL_Snprintf(initParams->cert_file, FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "%s/%s/%s", current_path, certs_dir,
device_info->dev_cert_file_name);
HAL_Snprintf(initParams->key_file, FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "%s/%s/%s", current_path, certs_dir,
device_info->dev_key_file_name);
#endif
#else
initParams->device_secret = device_info->device_secret;
#endif
initParams->command_timeout = QCLOUD_IOT_MQTT_COMMAND_TIMEOUT;
initParams->keep_alive_interval_ms = QCLOUD_IOT_MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERNAL;
initParams->auto_connect_enable = 1;
initParams->event_handle.h_fp = _event_handler;
initParams->event_handle.context = ota_ctx;
return QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS;
}
static void _wait_for_pub_ack(OTAContextData *ota_ctx, int packet_id)
{
int wait_cnt = 10;
ota_ctx->report_pub_ack = false;
ota_ctx->report_packet_id = packet_id;
while (!ota_ctx->report_pub_ack) {
HAL_SleepMs(500);
IOT_MQTT_Yield(ota_ctx->mqtt_client, 500);
if (wait_cnt-- == 0) {
Log_e("wait report pub ack timeout!");
break;
}
}
ota_ctx->report_pub_ack = false;
return;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* OTA file operations START
* these are platform-dependant functions
* POSIX FILE is used in this sample code
**********************************************************************************/
// calculate left MD5 for resuming download from break point
static int _cal_exist_fw_md5(OTAContextData *ota_ctx)
{
char buff[OTA_BUF_LEN];
size_t rlen, total_read = 0;
int ret = QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS;
ret = IOT_OTA_ResetClientMD5(ota_ctx->ota_handle);
if (ret) {
Log_e("reset MD5 failed: %d", ret);
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
void *fp = HAL_FileOpen(ota_ctx->fw_file_path, "ab+");
if (NULL == fp) {
Log_e("open file %s failed", ota_ctx->fw_file_path);
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
// rewind(fp);
size_t size = ota_ctx->downloaded_size;
while ((size > 0) && (!HAL_FileEof(fp))) {
rlen = (size > OTA_BUF_LEN) ? OTA_BUF_LEN : size;
if (rlen != HAL_FileRead(buff, 1, rlen, fp)) {
Log_e("read data len not expected");
ret = QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
break;
}
IOT_OTA_UpdateClientMd5(ota_ctx->ota_handle, buff, rlen);
size -= rlen;
total_read += rlen;
}
HAL_FileClose(fp);
Log_d("total read: %d", total_read);
return ret;
}
/* update local firmware info for resuming download from break point */
static int _update_local_fw_info(OTAContextData *ota_ctx)
{
void *fp;
int wlen;
int ret = QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS;
char data_buf[FW_INFO_FILE_DATA_LEN];
memset(data_buf, 0, sizeof(data_buf));
HAL_Snprintf(data_buf, sizeof(data_buf), "{\"%s\":\"%s\", \"%s\":%d}", KEY_VER, ota_ctx->remote_version, KEY_SIZE,
ota_ctx->downloaded_size);
fp = HAL_FileOpen(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path, "w");
if (NULL == fp) {
Log_e("open file %s failed", ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path);
ret = QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
goto exit;
}
wlen = HAL_FileWrite(data_buf, 1, strlen(data_buf), fp);
if (wlen != strlen(data_buf)) {
Log_e("save version to file err");
ret = QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
exit:
if (NULL != fp) {
HAL_FileClose(fp);
}
return ret;
}
static int _get_local_fw_info(char *file_name, char *local_version)
{
int len;
int rlen;
char json_doc[FW_INFO_FILE_DATA_LEN] = {0};
void *fp = HAL_FileOpen(file_name, "r");
if (NULL == fp) {
Log_e("open file %s failed", file_name);
return 0;
}
HAL_FileSeek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
len = ftell(fp);
if (len > FW_INFO_FILE_DATA_LEN) {
Log_e("%s is too big, pls check", file_name);
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return 0;
}
rewind(fp);
rlen = HAL_FileRead(json_doc, 1, len, fp);
if (len != rlen) {
Log_e("read data len (%d) less than needed (%d), %s", rlen, len, json_doc);
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return 0;
}
char *version = LITE_json_value_of(KEY_VER, json_doc);
char *size = LITE_json_value_of(KEY_SIZE, json_doc);
if ((NULL == version) || (NULL == size)) {
if (version)
HAL_Free(version);
if (size)
HAL_Free(size);
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return 0;
}
int local_size = atoi(size);
HAL_Free(size);
if (local_size <= 0) {
Log_w("local info offset invalid: %d", local_size);
local_size = 0;
} else {
strncpy(local_version, version, FW_VERSION_MAX_LEN);
}
HAL_Free(version);
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return local_size;
}
/* get local firmware offset for resuming download from break point */
static int _update_fw_downloaded_size(OTAContextData *ota_ctx)
{
int local_size = _get_local_fw_info(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path, ota_ctx->local_version);
if (local_size == 0) {
ota_ctx->downloaded_size = 0;
return 0;
}
if ((0 != strcmp(ota_ctx->local_version, ota_ctx->remote_version)) ||
(ota_ctx->downloaded_size > ota_ctx->fw_file_size)) {
ota_ctx->downloaded_size = 0;
return 0;
}
ota_ctx->downloaded_size = local_size;
Log_i("calc MD5 for resuming download from offset: %d", ota_ctx->downloaded_size);
int ret = _cal_exist_fw_md5(ota_ctx);
if (ret) {
Log_e("regen OTA MD5 error: %d", ret);
HAL_FileRemove(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path);
ota_ctx->downloaded_size = 0;
return 0;
}
Log_d("local MD5 update done!");
return local_size;
}
static int _delete_fw_info_file(char *file_name)
{
return HAL_FileRemove(file_name);
}
static int _save_fw_data_to_file(char *file_name, uint32_t offset, char *buf, int len)
{
void *fp;
if (offset > 0) {
if (NULL == (fp = HAL_FileOpen(file_name, "ab+"))) {
Log_e("open file failed");
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
} else {
if (NULL == (fp = HAL_FileOpen(file_name, "wb+"))) {
Log_e("open file failed");
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
}
HAL_FileSeek(fp, offset, SEEK_SET);
if (1 != HAL_FileWrite(buf, len, 1, fp)) {
Log_e("write data to file failed");
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
HAL_FileFlush(fp);
HAL_FileClose(fp);
return 0;
}
static char *_get_local_fw_running_version(IOT_OTAFWType type)
{
// asuming the version is inside the code and binary
// you can also get from a meta file
if (type == IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MCU) {
Log_i("FW running mcu version: %s", FW_RUNNING_MCU_VERSION);
return FW_RUNNING_MCU_VERSION;
}
Log_i("FW running module version: %s", FW_RUNNING_MODULE_VERSION);
return FW_RUNNING_MODULE_VERSION;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* OTA file operations END
**********************************************************************************/
// main OTA cycle
bool process_ota(OTAContextData *ota_ctx)
{
bool download_finished = false;
bool upgrade_fetch_success = true;
char buf_ota[OTA_BUF_LEN] = {0};
int rc = 0;
void *h_ota = ota_ctx->ota_handle;
int packet_id = 0;
int local_offset = 0;
int last_downloaded_size = 0;
/* Must report version first */
if (0 > IOT_OTA_ReportVersion(h_ota, IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MCU, _get_local_fw_running_version(IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MCU))) {
Log_e("report OTA version failed");
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
goto end_of_ota;
}
if (0 > IOT_OTA_ReportVersion(h_ota, IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MODULE, _get_local_fw_running_version(IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MODULE))) {
Log_e("report OTA version failed");
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
goto end_of_ota;
}
do {
IOT_MQTT_Yield(ota_ctx->mqtt_client, 200);
Log_i("wait for ota upgrade command...");
begin_of_ota:
// recv the upgrade cmd
if (IOT_OTA_IsFetching(h_ota)) {
IOT_OTA_Ioctl(h_ota, IOT_OTAG_FILE_SIZE, &ota_ctx->fw_file_size, 4);
IOT_OTA_Ioctl(h_ota, IOT_OTAG_VERSION, ota_ctx->remote_version, FW_VERSION_MAX_LEN);
IOT_OTA_Ioctl(h_ota, IOT_OTAG_FWTYPE, &ota_ctx->fw_type, 4);
HAL_Snprintf(ota_ctx->fw_file_path, FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "./FW_%s.bin", ota_ctx->remote_version);
HAL_Snprintf(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path, FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "./FW_%s.json", ota_ctx->remote_version);
/* check if pre-downloading finished or not */
/* if local FW downloaded size (ota_ctx->downloaded_size) is not zero, it
* will do resuming download */
local_offset = _update_fw_downloaded_size(ota_ctx);
if (ota_ctx->fw_file_size == local_offset) { // have already downloaded
upgrade_fetch_success = true;
goto end_of_download;
}
/*set offset and start http connect*/
rc = IOT_OTA_StartDownload(h_ota, ota_ctx->downloaded_size, ota_ctx->fw_file_size,
OTA_HTTP_MAX_FETCHED_SIZE);
if (QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS != rc) {
Log_e("OTA download start err,rc:%d", rc);
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
goto end_of_ota;
}
Log_d("remote fw type : %d %s", ota_ctx->fw_type,
ota_ctx->fw_type == IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MCU ? IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MCU_STR : IOT_OTA_FWTYPE_MODULE_STR);
// download and save the fw
do {
int len = IOT_OTA_FetchYield(h_ota, buf_ota, OTA_BUF_LEN, 1);
if (len > 0) {
rc = _save_fw_data_to_file(ota_ctx->fw_file_path, ota_ctx->downloaded_size, buf_ota, len);
if (rc) {
Log_e("write data to file failed rc=%d", rc);
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt = MAX_OTA_RETRY_CNT;
goto end_of_ota;
}
} else if (len <= 0) {
Log_e("download fail rc=%d", len);
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
if (len == IOT_OTA_ERR_FETCH_AUTH_FAIL || len == IOT_OTA_ERR_FETCH_NOT_EXIST) {
ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt = MAX_OTA_RETRY_CNT;
}
goto end_of_ota;
}
/* get OTA information and update local info */
IOT_OTA_Ioctl(h_ota, IOT_OTAG_FETCHED_SIZE, &ota_ctx->downloaded_size, 4);
rc = _update_local_fw_info(ota_ctx);
if (QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS != rc) {
Log_e("update local fw info err,rc:%d", rc);
}
// quit ota process as something wrong with mqtt
rc = IOT_MQTT_Yield(ota_ctx->mqtt_client, 100);
if (rc != QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS && rc != QCLOUD_RET_MQTT_RECONNECTED) {
Log_e("MQTT error: %d", rc);
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
goto end_of_ota;
}
} while (!IOT_OTA_IsFetchFinish(h_ota));
/* Must check MD5 match or not */
end_of_download:
if (upgrade_fetch_success) {
// download is finished, delete the fw info file
_delete_fw_info_file(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path);
uint32_t firmware_valid;
IOT_OTA_Ioctl(h_ota, IOT_OTAG_CHECK_FIRMWARE, &firmware_valid, 4);
if (0 == firmware_valid) {
Log_e("The firmware is invalid");
upgrade_fetch_success = false;
goto end_of_ota;
} else {
Log_i("The firmware is valid");
upgrade_fetch_success = true;
}
}
download_finished = true;
}
if (!download_finished)
HAL_SleepMs(1000);
} while (!download_finished);
// do some post-download stuff for your need
end_of_ota:
if (!upgrade_fetch_success) {
// retry again
if (IOT_MQTT_IsConnected(ota_ctx->mqtt_client)) {
if ((ota_ctx->downloaded_size - last_downloaded_size) != OTA_HTTP_MAX_FETCHED_SIZE) {
ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt++;
}
if (ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt <= MAX_OTA_RETRY_CNT) {
upgrade_fetch_success = true;
last_downloaded_size = ota_ctx->downloaded_size;
Log_e("OTA failed, retry %drd time!", ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt);
HAL_SleepMs(1000);
goto begin_of_ota;
} else {
ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt = 0;
Log_e("report download fail!");
packet_id = IOT_OTA_ReportUpgradeFail(h_ota, NULL);
}
}
} else if (upgrade_fetch_success) {
packet_id = IOT_OTA_ReportUpgradeSuccess(h_ota, NULL);
ota_ctx->ota_fail_cnt = 0;
}
_wait_for_pub_ack(ota_ctx, packet_id);
return upgrade_fetch_success;
}
static int parse_arguments(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
while ((c = utils_getopt(argc, argv, "c:l:")) != EOF) switch (c) {
case 'c':
if (HAL_SetDevInfoFile(utils_optarg))
return -1;
break;
default:
HAL_Printf(
"usage: %s [options]\n"
" [-c <config file for DeviceInfo>] \n",
argv[0]);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int rc;
OTAContextData *ota_ctx = NULL;
void *mqtt_client = NULL;
void *h_ota = NULL;
IOT_Log_Set_Level(eLOG_DEBUG);
// parse arguments for device info file
rc = parse_arguments(argc, argv);
if (rc != QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS) {
Log_e("parse arguments error, rc = %d", rc);
return rc;
}
ota_ctx = (OTAContextData *)HAL_Malloc(sizeof(OTAContextData));
if (ota_ctx == NULL) {
Log_e("malloc failed");
goto exit;
}
memset(ota_ctx, 0, sizeof(OTAContextData));
rc = HAL_GetDevInfo(&sg_devInfo);
if (QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS != rc) {
Log_e("get device info failed: %d", rc);
goto exit;
}
// setup MQTT init params
MQTTInitParams init_params = DEFAULT_MQTTINIT_PARAMS;
rc = _setup_connect_init_params(&init_params, ota_ctx, &sg_devInfo);
if (rc != QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS) {
Log_e("init params err,rc=%d", rc);
return rc;
}
// create MQTT mqtt_client and connect to server
mqtt_client = IOT_MQTT_Construct(&init_params);
if (mqtt_client != NULL) {
Log_i("Cloud Device Construct Success");
} else {
Log_e("Cloud Device Construct Failed");
return QCLOUD_ERR_FAILURE;
}
// init OTA handle
h_ota = IOT_OTA_Init(sg_devInfo.product_id, sg_devInfo.device_name, mqtt_client);
if (NULL == h_ota) {
Log_e("initialize OTA failed");
goto exit;
}
ota_ctx->ota_handle = h_ota;
ota_ctx->mqtt_client = mqtt_client;
bool ota_success;
do {
// mqtt should be ready first
rc = IOT_MQTT_Yield(mqtt_client, 500);
if (rc == QCLOUD_ERR_MQTT_ATTEMPTING_RECONNECT) {
HAL_SleepMs(1000);
continue;
} else if (rc != QCLOUD_RET_SUCCESS && rc != QCLOUD_RET_MQTT_RECONNECTED) {
if (rc == QCLOUD_ERR_MQTT_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
Log_e(
"exit. mqtt reconnect timeout! Please check the network connection, or try to increase "
"MAX_RECONNECT_WAIT_INTERVAL(%d)",
MAX_RECONNECT_WAIT_INTERVAL);
} else {
Log_e("exit with error: %d", rc);
}
break;
}
// OTA process
ota_success = process_ota(ota_ctx);
if (!ota_success) {
Log_e("OTA failed! Do it again");
HAL_SleepMs(2000);
}
} while (!ota_success);
exit:
if (NULL != ota_ctx)
HAL_Free(ota_ctx);
if (NULL != h_ota)
IOT_OTA_Destroy(h_ota);
IOT_MQTT_Destroy(&mqtt_client);
return 0;
}
修改固件存储位置修改这儿：
HAL_Snprintf(ota_ctx->fw_file_path, FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "./FW_%s.bin", ota_ctx->remote_version);
HAL_Snprintf(ota_ctx->fw_info_file_path, FW_FILE_PATH_MAX_LEN, "./FW_%s.json", ota_ctx->remote_version);
四、腾讯平台操作步骤
填写相关信息
添加完成后选择固件升级
填写信息后点击提交
完成后STM32就会接受到升级推送消息，升级完成后发送升级成功消息，平台就会显示升级成功。
