【韩顺平Java JDBC学习笔记】

发布于:2024-12-18 ⋅ 阅读:(76) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

Java JDBC

jdbc概述

基本介绍

1.JDBC为访问不同的数据库提供了统一的接口,为使用者屏蔽了细节问题。
2.Java程序员使用JDBC,可以连接任何提供了JDBC驱动程序的数据库系统,从而完成对数据库的各种操作。

jdbc原理示意图

image-20241212174207379

image-20241212180741595

jdbc快速入门

JDBC程序编写步骤

1.注册驱动 - 加载Driver类
2.获取连接 - 得到Connection
3.执行增删改查 - 发送SQL给mysql执行
4.释放资源 - 关闭相关连接

import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;


public class Jdbc01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        // 注册驱动 - 加载Driver类
        Driver driver = new Driver();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "hsp");
        String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'刘德华','男','1970-11-11', '110')";
        // 获取连接 - 得到Connection
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url, properties);
        // statement 用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
        System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");
		// 关闭连接资源
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

获取数据库连接5种方式

image-20241212211507948

方式1 com.hspedu.jdbc.conn

会直接使用com.mysql.jdbc.Driver(),属于静态加载,灵活性差,依赖强

public void connect01() throws SQLException {
    Driver driver = new Driver();
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02";
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.setProperty("user", "root");
    properties.setProperty("password", "hsp");
    String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'刘德华','男','1970-11-11', '110')";
    Connection connection = driver.connect(url, properties);
    Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
    int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
    System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");

    statement.close();
    connection.close();
}

方式2

便用反射加载Driver类,动态加载,更加时灵活,减少依颗性

@Test
public void connect02() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
    Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    Driver driver = (Driver)aClass.newInstance();
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02";
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.setProperty("user", "root");
    properties.setProperty("password", "hsp");
    Connection connection = driver.connect(url, properties);
    System.out.println(connection);
}

方式3

使用DriverManager 替代 Diver 进行统一管理

@Test
public void connect03() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
    Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    Driver driver = (Driver)aClass.newInstance();
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02";
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.setProperty("user", "root");
    properties.setProperty("password", "hsp");
    DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, properties);
    System.out.println(connection);
}

方式4

使用Class.forName自动完成注册驱动,简化代码

@Test
public void connect04() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02";
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.setProperty("user", "root");
    properties.setProperty("password", "hsp");
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, properties);
    System.out.println(connection);
}

image-20241212210606167

方式5

方式5,在方式4的基础上改进,增加配置文件,让连接mysql更灵活

@Test
public void connect05() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException, IOException {
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
    Class.forName(properties.getProperty("driver"));
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
        properties.getProperty("url"),
        properties.getProperty("user"),
        properties.getProperty("password")
    );
    System.out.println(connection);
}

ResultSet[结果集]

1.表示数据库结果集的数据表,通常通过执行查询数据库的语句生成
2.ResultSet对象保持一个光标指向其当前的数据行。最初,光标位于第一行之前
3.next方法将光标移动到下一行,并且由于在ResultSeti对象中没有更多行时返回
false,因此可以在while循环中使用循环来遍历结果集

image-20241212220052172

image-20241212221144884

image-20241212220958505

SQL注入

Statement

image-20241213145843707

image-20241213151502056

PreparedStatement

image-20241213152302637

预处理好处

1.不再使用+拼接sql语句,减少语法错误
2.有效的解决了sql注入问题!
3.大大减少了编译次数,效率较高

基本使用

image-20241213153412914

image-20241213154940653

JDBC API

image-20241212181055036

image-20241213163444143

image-20241213164400319

JDBCUtils

image-20241213165010159

工具类

package com.hspedu.jdbc.utils;


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @program: chapter25
 * @since: jdk1.8
 * @description: 这是一个工具类,完成mysql的连接和关闭资源
 * @author: Administrator
 * @create: 2024-12-13 16:54
 **/
public class JDBCUtils {
    //定义相关属性(4个),因为只需要一份,因此,我们做出static
    private static String user;
    private static String password;
    private static String url;
    private static String driver;

    // 在静态代码块去初始化
    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
            user = properties.getProperty("user");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //在实际开发中,我们可以这样处理
            //1.将编译异常转成运行异常
            //2.这时调用者,可以选择捕获该异常,也可以选择默认处理该异常,比较方便。
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 获取数据库连接
     *
     * @return 返回数据库连接对象
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果发生SQL异常,则抛出运行时异常
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        try {
            return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 关闭数据库资源
     *
     * @param rs ResultSet对象,可能为null
     * @param stmt Statement对象,可能为null
     * @param conn Connection对象,可能为null
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果在关闭资源时发生SQL异常,则抛出运行时异常
     */
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
            if (stmt != null) {
                stmt.close();
            }
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

使用工具类

package com.hspedu.jdbc.utils;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.sql.*;

/**
 * @program: chapter25
 * @since: jdk1.8
 * @description: 该类演示如何使用JDBCUtils工具类,完成dml和select
 * @author: Administrator
 * @create: 2024-12-13 18:00
 **/
public class JDBCUtils_Use {

    @Test
    public void testSelect() {
        Connection connection = null;
        String sql = "select * from actor where id = ?";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);
            resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
                Date borndate = resultSet.getDate("borndate");
                String phone = resultSet.getString("phone");
                System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + sex + "\t" + borndate + "\t" + phone);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            // 关闭资源
            JDBCUtils.close(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testDML() {
        Connection connection = null;
        String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1, "周星驰");
            preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1);
            int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println(i > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            // 关闭资源
            JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);
        }
    }
}

事务

基本介绍

image-20241213184245246

应用实例

模拟经典的转帐业务 - 未使用事务

image-20241213193752808
public class Transaction_ {
    @Test
    public void noTransaction() {
        Connection connection = null;
        String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";
        String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
            int i = 1 / 0;
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            // 关闭资源
            JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);
        }
    }
}

马云的余额减少了马化腾的余额缺没有增加,银行很开心_

image-20241213193807039

模拟经典的转帐业务 - 使用事务

public void useTransaction() {
    Connection connection = null;
    String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";
    String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
    try {
        // 默认情况下,connection是默认自动提交
        connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        // 将 connection 设置为不自动提交
        connection.setAutoCommit(false); // 相当于开启了事务
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        int i = 1 / 0; // 抛出异常
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
        preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        // 提交事务
        connection.commit();

    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("执行发生了异常,撤销执行的sql");
        try {
            // 回滚到事务开启的地方
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.rollback();
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);
    }
}

image-20241213200706660image-20241213200638317

批处理

基本介绍

image-20241213200824347

传统方式

public void noBatch() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    String sql = "insert into admin2 values(null, ?, ?)";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    System.out.println("开始执行");
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
        preparedStatement.setString(1, "jack" + i);
        preparedStatement.setString(2, "666");
        preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
    }
    System.out.println("结束执行");
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("传统的方式 耗时:" + (end - start) + "ms");
    JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);
}
image-20241213215056169

批处理方式

public void batch() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    String sql = "insert into admin2 values(null, ?, ?)";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    System.out.println("开始执行");
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
        preparedStatement.setString(1, "jack" + i);
        preparedStatement.setString(2, "666");
        preparedStatement.addBatch();
        // 当有1000条记录时,在批量执行
        if ((i + 1) % 1000 == 0) {
            preparedStatement.executeBatch();
            preparedStatement.clearBatch();
        }
    }
    System.out.println("结束执行");
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("批量的方式 耗时:" + (end - start) + "ms");
    JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);
}
image-20241213215625590

源码

image-20241213221655891

连接池

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传统获取Connection问题分析

image-20241214133412908

数据库连接池基本介绍

image-20241214133949938image-20241214134117393

连接放回去并不是关闭连接,而是不在引用这个连接(引用断开了,但连接对象还在)

数据库连接池种类

JDBC的数据库连接池使用javax.sql.DataSource来表示,DataSource只是一个接口,该接口通常由第三方提供实现

DBCP

DBCP数据库连接池,速度相对C3P0较快,但不稳定

C3P0

C3P0数据库连接池,速度相对较慢,稳定性不错(hibernate,spring)

image-20241214142154712

方式1:相关参数,在程序中指定user,url,password等

// 创建一个数据源对象
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");

// 给数据源设置相关的参数
// 注意,连接管理是由 comboPooledDataSource 来管理
comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
comboPooledDataSource.setUser(user);
comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
// 设置初始化连接数
comboPooledDataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10);
// 最大连接数
comboPooledDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(50);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
    Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
    // System.out.println("连接成功");
    connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("c3p0 5000次耗时" + (end - start) + "ms"); // c3p0 5000次耗时286ms

方式2:使用配置文件模版来完成

1.将c3p0提供的c3p0.config.xml拷贝到src目录下
2.该文件指定了连接数据库和连接池的相关参数

c3p0.config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
    <default-config>
        <!-- 这些是默认的连接池参数,如果没有在特定数据源中定义,则使用这些参数 -->
        <property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
        <property name="minPoolSize">5</property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize">20</property>
        <property name="maxIdleTime">300</property> <!-- seconds -->
        <property name="acquireIncrement">1</property>
        <property name="maxStatements">50</property>
    </default-config>
    <!-- 数据源名称代表连接池 -->
    <named-config name="myDataSource">
        <!-- 特定于 myDataSource 的连接池参数 -->
        <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02</property>
        <property name="user">root</property>
        <property name="password">hsp</property>
        <!-- 初始的连接数 -->
        <property name="initialPoolSize">10</property>
        <property name="minPoolSize">5</property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize">50</property>
        <!-- 每次增长的连接数 -->
        <property name="acquireIncrement">5</property>
        <!-- 可连接的最多的命令对象数 -->
        <property name="maxStatements">5</property>

        <!-- 其他可选配置 -->
        <!-- 每个连接对象可连接的最多的命令对象数 -->
        <property name="maxStatementsPerConnection">2</property>
    </named-config>
</c3p0-config>
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource("myDataSource");
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
    Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
    // System.out.println("连接成功");
    connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("c3p0使用配置文件 连接/断开5000次 耗时:" + (end - start) + "ms"); // c3p0使用配置文件 连接/断开5000次 耗时:285ms

Proxool

Proxool数据库连接池,有监控连接池状态的功能,稳定性较C3P0差一点

BoneCP

BoneCP数据库连接池,速度快

Druid

Druid(德鲁伊)是阿里提供的数据库连接池,集DBCP、C3P0、Proxool优点于一身的数据库连接池

jar包下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/druid/1.1.10/

src/druid.properties

com.mysql.jdbc.Driver# Druid 配置文件模板 (druid.properties)
# 数据源配置
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02?rewriteBatchedStatements=true
username=root
password=hsp
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 连接池参数配置
# 初始化大小
initialSize=10
# 最小空闲连接数
minIdle=5
# 最大连接数
maxActive=50
# 获取连接最大等待时间(毫秒)
maxWait=5000
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
// 创建一个指定参数的数据库连接池
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    // System.out.println(connection);
    connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(end - start); // druid连接池 操作500000次 耗时330ms
Druid工具类
package com.hspedu.jdbc.datasource;


import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @program: chapter25
 * @since: jdk1.8
 * @description: 基于druid数据库连接池的工具类
 * @author: Administrator
 * @create: 2024-12-14 17:17
 **/
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {
    private static DataSource ds;

    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
            ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取数据库连接
     *
     * @return 返回数据库连接对象
     * @throws SQLException 如果获取连接时发生SQL异常,则抛出此异常
     */
    // 编写getConnection方法
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }


    /**
     * 关闭数据库连接(把使用的Connection对象放回连接池)、声明和结果集
     *
     * @param rs   数据库结果集对象
     * @param stmt 数据库声明对象
     * @param conn 数据库连接对象
     * @throws RuntimeException 当关闭过程中发生SQL异常时抛出
     */
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
            if (stmt != null) {
                stmt.close();
            }
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.close(); // 对于Druid连接池,这里的close()实际上是归还连接到连接池
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("关闭数据库资源时发生异常: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

}
使用工具类
@Test
public void testSelect() {
    Connection connection = null;
    String sql = "select * from actor where id = ?";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
    ResultSet resultSet = null;
    try {
        connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
            String name = resultSet.getString("name");
            String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
            Date borndate = resultSet.getDate("borndate");
            String phone = resultSet.getString("phone");
            System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + sex + "\t" + borndate + "\t" + phone);
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
    }
}

APache-DBUtils

resultSet问题

1.关闭connection后,resultSet结果集无法使用
2.resultSet不利于数据的管理
3.示意图

image-20241214181248109

原生解决方案

Javabean, POJO, Domain对象

package com.hspedu.jdbc.datasource;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @program: chapter25
 * @since: jdk1.8
 * @description: Actor对象和actor表的记录对应
 * @author: Administrator
 * @create: 2024-12-14 19:21
 **/
public class Actor {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Date borndate;
    private String phone;

    public Actor() {
    }

    public Actor(Integer id, String name, String sex, Date borndate, String phone) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.borndate = borndate;
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Date getBorndate() {
        return borndate;
    }

    public void setBorndate(Date borndate) {
        this.borndate = borndate;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Actor{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", borndate=" + borndate +
                ", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

把得到的resultset的记录,封装到Actor对象,放入到list集合

public ArrayList<Actor> testSelectToArrayList() {
    Connection connection = null;
    String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
    ResultSet resultSet = null;
    ArrayList<Actor> list = new ArrayList<>();
    try {
        connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
            String name = resultSet.getString("name");
            String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
            Date borndate = resultSet.getDate("borndate");
            String phone = resultSet.getString("phone");
            // 把得到的resultset的记录,封装到Actor对象,放入到list集合
            list.add(new Actor(id, name, sex, borndate, phone));
        }
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
    }
    return list;
}

使用APache-DBUtils

基本介绍

1.commons-dbutils是Apache组织提供的一个开源JDBC工具类库,它是对JDBC的封装,使用dbutils能极大简化jdbc编码的工作量[真的]。
DbUtils:类
1.QueryRunner类:该类封装了SQL的执行,是线程安全的。可以实现增、删、改、查、批处理
2.使用QueryRunner类实现查询
3.ResultSetHandler接口:该接口用于处理java.sql.ResultSet,将数据按要求转换为另一种形
式,

image-20241214202008794

使用DBUtils+数据连接池(德鲁伊)方式,完成对表的crud

image-20241214202400462
public void testQueryMany() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
    QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
    // query方法就是执行sqL语句,得到resultset--封装到-->ArrayList集合中
    // new BeanListHandler<>(Actor.class):在将resultset->Actor对象->封装到ArrayList
    // 底层使用反射机制去获取Actor类的属性,然后进行封装
    // 1是给sql语句中的?赋值的
    // 底层得到的resultset,会在query关闭,还会关闭PreparedStatment
    List<Actor> list = queryRunner.query(
            connection,
            sql,
            new BeanListHandler<Actor>(Actor.class),
            1
    );
    for (Actor actor : list) {
        System.out.println(actor);
    }
    JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null,null, connection);
}

apache-dbutils+druid完成返回的结果是单行记录(单个对象)的处理

public void testQuerySingle() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
    QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    String sql = "select * from actor where id = ?";
    // 因为我们返回的单行记录<--->单个对象,使用的Hander是BeanHandler
    Actor actor = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<>(Actor.class), 1);
    System.out.println(actor);

    JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}

演示apache-dbutils+druid完成查询结果是单行单列-返回的就是object

public void testScalar() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
    QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    String sql = "select name from actor where id = ?";
    Object object = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler<>(), 1);
    System.out.println(object);
    JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}

演示apache-dbutils+druid完成dml(update,insert,delete)

public void testDML() throws SQLException {
    Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
    QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
    String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
    //(I)执行dml操作是queryRunner.update()
    //(2)返回的值是受影响的行数
    int affectedRow = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, "张三丰", 1);
    System.out.println(affectedRow > 0 ? "成功" : "执行没有影响到表");
    JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}

表和JavaBean的类型映射关系

image-20241215142818265

DAO增删改查-BasicDao

问题

apache-dbutils+Druid简化了JDBC开发,但还有不足:
1.SQL语句是固定,不能通过参数传入,通用性不好,需要进行改进,更方便执行增删改查
2.对于select操作,如果有返回值,返回类型不能固定,需要使用泛型
3.将来的表很多,业务需求复杂,不可能只靠一个Java类完成
4.引出=》BasicDAO画出示意图

image-20241215171004627

image-20241215145530118

image-20241215150917613

基本说明

1.DAO:data access object数据访问对象
2.这样的通用类,称为BasicDao,是专门和数据库交互的,即完成对数据库(表)的crud操作。
3.在BaiscDao的基础上,实现一张表对应一个Dao,更好的完成功能,比如Customer表
Customer.java(javabean)-CustomerDao.java

BasicDAO应用实例

image-20241215150412871

dao包

BasicDAO

package com.hspedu.dao_.dao;


import com.hspedu.jdbc.datasource.JDBCUtilsByDruid;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @program: chapter25
 * @since: jdk1.8
 * @description: 开发BasicDAO,是其他DAO的父类
 * @author: Administrator
 * @create: 2024-12-15 15:12
 **/
public class BasicDAO<T> { // 泛型指定具体类型
    private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

    /**
     * 开发一个通用的DML(数据操作语言)方法,用于执行更新、插入或删除操作,适用于任意表。
     *
     * @param sql        要执行的SQL语句,通常为UPDATE、INSERT或DELETE语句。
     * @param parameters SQL语句中的参数值,可变参数,允许传入多个参数。
     * @return 返回受影响的行数,表示有多少行数据被更新、插入或删除。
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果在执行SQL语句过程中发生SQL异常,则抛出此运行时异常。
     */
    public int update(String sql, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            int update = qr.update(connection, sql, parameters);
            return update;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行SQL查询并返回多个对象(即查询结果是多行),适用于任意表。
     *
     * @param sql        要执行的SQL查询语句。
     * @param clazz      查询结果对象的目标类,必须是一个JavaBean类。
     * @param parameters SQL查询中的参数值,可变参数,支持传入多个参数。
     * @return 返回一个包含查询结果的列表,列表中的每个元素都是clazz类型的对象。
     *         如果查询结果为空,则返回一个空列表。
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果在查询过程中发生SQL异常,则抛出此运行时异常。
     */
    // 返回多个对象(即查询的结果是多行),针对任意表
    public List<T> queryMulti(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            List<T> list = qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
            return list;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行SQL查询并返回单个结果对象
     *
     * @param sql        要执行的SQL查询语句
     * @param clazz      结果对象的目标类,必须是一个JavaBean类
     * @param parameters SQL查询中的参数值,可变参数,可以传入多个参数
     * @return 查询到的单个结果对象,若查询结果为空则返回null
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果在查询过程中发生SQL异常,则抛出此运行时异常
     */
    public T querySingle(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            return qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行SQL查询并返回查询结果的第一行第一列的值。
     *
     * @param sql        要执行的SQL查询语句。
     * @param parameters SQL查询中的参数值,可变参数,支持传入多个参数。
     * @return 返回查询结果的第一行第一列的值,如果查询结果为空,则返回null。
     * @throws RuntimeException 如果在查询过程中发生SQL异常,则抛出此运行时异常。
     */
    public Object queryScalar(String sql, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            return qr.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler<>(), parameters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }
}

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