在鸿蒙HarmonyOS 5中使用DevEco Studio实现录音机应用

1. 项目配置与权限设置

1.1 配置module.json5

{
  "module": {
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE",
        "reason": "录音需要麦克风权限"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA",
        "reason": "保存录音文件到媒体库"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA",
        "reason": "读取录音文件"
      }
    ],
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "backgroundModes": ["audioRecording"]
      }
    ]
  }
}

2. 录音核心功能实现

2.1 录音服务封装

// src/main/ets/service/AudioRecorder.ts
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';
import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
import mediaLibrary from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaLibrary';

export class AudioRecorder {
  private audioRecorder: audio.AudioRecorder | null = null;
  private filePath: string = '';
  private audioOptions: audio.AudioRecorderOptions = {
    encoder: audio.AudioEncoder.AAC_LC,
    sampleRate: audio.AudioSampleRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,
    numberOfChannels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_2,
    format: audio.AudioOutputFormat.MPEG_4,
    uri: '', // 将在startRecording时设置
    location: { latitude: 0, longitude: 0 } // 可选地理位置
  };

  async startRecording(): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      // 创建录音保存路径
      const context = getContext(this) as Context;
      const dir = context.filesDir + '/recordings';
      await fs.ensureDir(dir);
      this.filePath = `${dir}/recording_${new Date().getTime()}.m4a`;
      
      // 初始化录音器
      this.audioRecorder = await audio.createAudioRecorder();
      this.audioOptions.uri = `file://${this.filePath}`;
      
      // 配置并启动录音
      await this.audioRecorder.prepare(this.audioOptions);
      await this.audioRecorder.start();
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('启动录音失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }

  async stopRecording(): Promise<string | null> {
    if (!this.audioRecorder) return null;
    
    try {
      await this.audioRecorder.stop();
      await this.audioRecorder.release();
      this.audioRecorder = null;
      
      // 保存到媒体库
      const media = mediaLibrary.getMediaLibrary(getContext(this) as Context);
      const fileAsset = await media.createAsset(
        mediaLibrary.MediaType.AUDIO,
        'recording.m4a',
        this.filePath
      );
      
      return fileAsset.uri;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('停止录音失败:', err);
      return null;
    }
  }

  async pauseRecording(): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.audioRecorder) return false;
    
    try {
      await this.audioRecorder.pause();
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('暂停录音失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }

  async resumeRecording(): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.audioRecorder) return false;
    
    try {
      await this.audioRecorder.resume();
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('恢复录音失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }

  getRecordingState(): audio.AudioState | null {
    return this.audioRecorder?.getState() || null;
  }
}

2.2 录音状态管理

// src/main/ets/model/RecordingModel.ts
export class RecordingModel {
  @Tracked recordingState: 'idle' | 'recording' | 'paused' = 'idle';
  @Tracked currentDuration: number = 0; // 毫秒
  @Tracked filePath: string | null = null;
  private timer: number | null = null;
  
  startTimer() {
    this.stopTimer();
    this.timer = setInterval(() => {
      this.currentDuration += 1000;
    }, 1000);
  }
  
  stopTimer() {
    if (this.timer) {
      clearInterval(this.timer);
      this.timer = null;
    }
  }
  
  reset() {
    this.stopTimer();
    this.recordingState = 'idle';
    this.currentDuration = 0;
    this.filePath = null;
  }
}

3. 用户界面实现

3.1 主录音界面

// src/main/ets/pages/RecordPage.ets
import { AudioRecorder } from '../service/AudioRecorder';
import { RecordingModel } from '../model/RecordingModel';

@Entry
@Component
struct RecordPage {
  private audioRecorder: AudioRecorder = new AudioRecorder();
  @State recordingModel: RecordingModel = new RecordingModel();
  
  build() {
    Column() {
      // 录音时间显示
      Text(this.formatTime(this.recordingModel.currentDuration))
        .fontSize(40)
        .margin({ top: 50 })
      
      // 波形图占位
      this.buildWaveform()
      
      // 录音控制按钮
      this.buildControlButtons()
      
      // 录音文件列表
      if (this.recordingModel.filePath) {
        this.buildRecordingInfo()
      }
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildWaveform() {
    // 实现波形图显示
    Canvas(this.context)
      .width('90%')
      .height(150)
      .margin({ top: 30, bottom: 30 })
      .onReady(() => {
        // 绘制波形图的逻辑
      })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildControlButtons() {
    Row() {
      if (this.recordingModel.recordingState === 'idle') {
        Button('开始录音', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
          .width(80)
          .height(80)
          .backgroundColor('#FF5722')
          .onClick(() => this.startRecording())
      } else {
        if (this.recordingModel.recordingState === 'recording') {
          Button('暂停', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
            .width(60)
            .height(60)
            .backgroundColor('#4CAF50')
            .onClick(() => this.pauseRecording())
        } else {
          Button('继续', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
            .width(60)
            .height(60)
            .backgroundColor('#2196F3')
            .onClick(() => this.resumeRecording())
        }
        
        Button('停止', { type: ButtonType.Circle })
          .width(60)
          .height(60)
          .backgroundColor('#F44336')
          .margin({ left: 30 })
          .onClick(() => this.stopRecording())
      }
    }
    .margin({ top: 50 })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildRecordingInfo() {
    Column() {
      Text('录音文件:')
        .fontSize(16)
        .margin({ bottom: 10 })
      
      Text(this.recordingModel.filePath || '')
        .fontSize(14)
        .fontColor('#666666')
      
      Button('播放录音')
        .margin({ top: 20 })
        .onClick(() => this.playRecording())
    }
    .margin({ top: 30 })
  }
  
  async startRecording() {
    const success = await this.audioRecorder.startRecording();
    if (success) {
      this.recordingModel.recordingState = 'recording';
      this.recordingModel.startTimer();
    }
  }
  
  async pauseRecording() {
    const success = await this.audioRecorder.pauseRecording();
    if (success) {
      this.recordingModel.recordingState = 'paused';
      this.recordingModel.stopTimer();
    }
  }
  
  async resumeRecording() {
    const success = await this.audioRecorder.resumeRecording();
    if (success) {
      this.recordingModel.recordingState = 'recording';
      this.recordingModel.startTimer();
    }
  }
  
  async stopRecording() {
    const filePath = await this.audioRecorder.stopRecording();
    if (filePath) {
      this.recordingModel.filePath = filePath;
    }
    this.recordingModel.reset();
  }
  
  async playRecording() {
    // 实现播放录音功能
  }
  
  formatTime(milliseconds: number): string {
    const totalSeconds = Math.floor(milliseconds / 1000);
    const minutes = Math.floor(totalSeconds / 60);
    const seconds = totalSeconds % 60;
    return `${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;
  }
}

3.2 录音列表页面

// src/main/ets/pages/RecordingsListPage.ets
import { mediaLibrary } from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaLibrary';

@Entry
@Component
struct RecordingsListPage {
  @State recordings: Array<mediaLibrary.FileAsset> = [];
  
  aboutToAppear() {
    this.loadRecordings();
  }
  
  async loadRecordings() {
    try {
      const media = mediaLibrary.getMediaLibrary(getContext(this) as Context);
      const fetchOpts: mediaLibrary.MediaFetchOptions = {
        selections: `${mediaLibrary.FileKey.MEDIA_TYPE}=?`,
        selectionArgs: [mediaLibrary.MediaType.AUDIO.toString()],
        order: `${mediaLibrary.FileKey.DATE_ADDED} DESC`
      };
      
      const fetchResult = await media.getFileAssets(fetchOpts);
      this.recordings = await fetchResult.getAllObject();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('加载录音列表失败:', err);
    }
  }
  
  build() {
    List({ space: 10 }) {
      ForEach(this.recordings, (recording) => {
        ListItem() {
          RecordingItem({ recording: recording })
        }
      })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

@Component
struct RecordingItem {
  private recording: mediaLibrary.FileAsset;
  
  build() {
    Row() {
      Image($r('app.media.ic_audio'))
        .width(40)
        .height(40)
        .margin({ right: 15 })
      
      Column() {
        Text(this.recording.displayName)
          .fontSize(16)
        
        Text(this.formatDate(this.recording.dateAdded * 1000))
          .fontSize(12)
          .fontColor('#888888')
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)
      
      Text(this.formatDuration(this.recording.duration))
        .fontSize(14)
    }
    .padding(15)
  }
  
  formatDate(timestamp: number): string {
    const date = new Date(timestamp);
    return `${date.getFullYear()}-${date.getMonth() + 1}-${date.getDate()}`;
  }
  
  formatDuration(seconds: number): string {
    const mins = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
    const secs = Math.floor(seconds % 60);
    return `${mins}:${secs.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;
  }
}

4. 音频播放功能实现

4.1 音频播放器封装

// src/main/ets/service/AudioPlayer.ts
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';

export class AudioPlayer {
  private audioPlayer: audio.AudioPlayer | null = null;
  private currentUri: string = '';
  
  async play(uri: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (this.audioPlayer && this.currentUri === uri) {
      await this.audioPlayer.play();
      return true;
    }
    
    try {
      await this.stop();
      
      this.audioPlayer = await audio.createAudioPlayer();
      this.currentUri = uri;
      
      await this.audioPlayer.reset();
      await this.audioPlayer.setSource({ source: uri });
      await this.audioPlayer.play();
      
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('播放失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  async pause(): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.audioPlayer) return false;
    
    try {
      await this.audioPlayer.pause();
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('暂停失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  async stop(): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.audioPlayer) return true;
    
    try {
      await this.audioPlayer.stop();
      await this.audioPlayer.release();
      this.audioPlayer = null;
      this.currentUri = '';
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('停止失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  async seek(position: number): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.audioPlayer) return false;
    
    try {
      await this.audioPlayer.seek(position);
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('跳转失败:', err);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

4.2 播放控制组件

// src/main/ets/components/PlayerControls.ets
@Component
export struct PlayerControls {
  private player: AudioPlayer;
  @State isPlaying: boolean = false;
  @State currentPosition: number = 0;
  @State duration: number = 0;
  private updateInterval: number | null = null;
  
  build() {
    Column() {
      // 进度条
      Slider({
        value: this.currentPosition,
        min: 0,
        max: this.duration,
        step: 1,
        style: SliderStyle.OutSet
      })
      .onChange((value: number) => {
        this.player.seek(value);
      })
      
      // 时间显示
      Row() {
        Text(this.formatTime(this.currentPosition))
          .fontSize(12)
        
        Blank()
        
        Text(this.formatTime(this.duration))
          .fontSize(12)
      }
      .width('100%')
      
      // 控制按钮
      Row() {
        Button(this.isPlaying ? '暂停' : '播放')
          .onClick(() => {
            if (this.isPlaying) {
              this.player.pause();
            } else {
              this.player.play();
            }
          })
        
        Button('停止')
          .margin({ left: 20 })
          .onClick(() => {
            this.player.stop();
          })
      }
      .margin({ top: 15 })
    }
  }
  
  aboutToAppear() {
    this.startUpdatingPosition();
  }
  
  aboutToDisappear() {
    this.stopUpdatingPosition();
  }
  
  startUpdatingPosition() {
    this.updateInterval = setInterval(() => {
      // 更新当前播放位置
    }, 500);
  }
  
  stopUpdatingPosition() {
    if (this.updateInterval) {
      clearInterval(this.updateInterval);
      this.updateInterval = null;
    }
  }
  
  formatTime(seconds: number): string {
    const mins = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
    const secs = Math.floor(seconds % 60);
    return `${mins}:${secs.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;
  }
}

5. 功能扩展建议

1. ​​录音质量设置​​：

   • 添加不同采样率和编码格式选项
   • 实现高质量和低质量录音切换

2. ​​录音编辑功能​​：

   • 实现录音裁剪功能
   • 添加淡入淡出效果

3. ​​录音标签管理​​：

   • 为录音添加标签和备注
   • 实现录音分类管理

4. ​​云同步功能​​：

   • 集成华为云存储
   • 实现录音多设备同步

5. ​​高级音频处理​​：

   • 添加降噪功能
   • 实现音频变速播放