Simply put
@Transactional is an annotation used in Java Spring Framework to manage transactions in a declarative way.
It allows developers to define transactional behavior directly on methods or classes, rather than managing transactions programmatically.
@Transactional Implementation Details
Transaction Management: By annotating a method or class with @Transactional, you instruct Spring to manage transactions for that method or class. Spring will automatically start and commit (or rollback) transactions as needed.
Isolation Levels: @Transactional allows specifying isolation levels for transactions, such as READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, etc. This helps control how transactions interact with each other and with the database.
Propagation Behavior: The annotation supports defining propagation behavior, which specifies how transactions should propagate between different methods. For example, should a method join an existing transaction, create a new one, or continue without a transaction?
Rollback Rules: You can define rollback rules to specify under what conditions a transaction should be rolled back. This is useful for handling exceptions and ensuring data consistency.
Transaction Attributes: @Transactional allows setting various attributes such as timeout, read-only, and whether the transaction should be rolled back for specific exceptions.
Integration with Spring AOP: Spring’s AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) is used internally to apply transactional behavior to methods annotated with @Transactional.
Support for Multiple Data Sources: Spring’s @Transactional annotation supports managing transactions across multiple data sources, making it suitable for complex application architectures.
Declarative Approach: One of the main benefits of using @Transactional is that it promotes a declarative approach to transaction management, reducing boilerplate code and enhancing maintainability.
What Is DataSourceTransactionManager and how it works?
DataSourceTransactionManager is a class in Spring Framework used for managing transactions in JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) based applications.
It works by coordinating the beginning, committing, or rolling back of transactions on a JDBC connection.
It interacts with the underlying database’s transaction support to ensure data integrity and consistency.
What Is TransactionDefinition and how it works?
TransactionDefinition is an interface representing the definition of a transaction. DefaultTransactionDefinition is an implementation of this interface, providing default settings for transaction attributes like propagation behavior, isolation level, timeout, and read-only status. When you create a DefaultTransactionDefinition instance, you can customize these attributes according to your requirements.
What Is TransactionStatus and how it works?
TransactionStatus is an interface representing the status of a transaction. When you call transactionManager.getTransaction(def), you’re essentially asking the transaction manager to begin a new transaction with the specified transaction definition (def). This method returns a TransactionStatus object representing the status of the newly created transaction. This object can be used to control the transaction (commit or rollback) and query its status.
What Is TransactionAspectSupport and how it works?
TransactionAspectSupport is a class in Spring Framework that provides support for transaction management in aspects, particularly in the context of AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming). It works by intercepting method invocations and applying transactional behavior based on configured advice. In essence, it allows you to apply declarative transaction management to methods in your application by simply annotating them with @Transactional or by configuring transactional behavior through XML or Java-based configuration. This class provides the core logic for managing transactions within Spring’s AOP infrastructure.
See
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/reference/data-access/transaction/declarative/tx-propagation.html
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-transactional-propagation-isolation
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/reference/data-access/transaction/declarative/annotations.html