Django 5.2.3 构建的图书管理系统
下面是一个使用 Django 5.2.3 构建的图书管理系统实现方案，包含模型设计、后台管理、基本视图和模板：
1. 环境准备
安装部分请先看
pip install django==5.2.3
django-admin startproject library
cd library
python manage.py startapp books
2. 模型设计 (`books/models.py`)
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
birth_date = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)
bio = models.TextField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('author_detail', args=[str(self.id)])
class Book(models.Model):
GENRE_CHOICES = [
('FIC', '小说'),
('SCI', '科幻'),
('HOR', '恐怖'),
('HIS', '历史'),
('BIO', '传记'),
]
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='books')
isbn = models.CharField('ISBN', max_length=13, unique=True)
genre = models.CharField(max_length=3, choices=GENRE_CHOICES)
publish_date = models.DateField()
stock = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
description = models.TextField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.title} ({self.author.name})"
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('book_detail', args=[str(self.id)])
3. 后台管理配置 (`books/admin.py`)
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Author, Book
@admin.register(Author)
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name', 'birth_date')
search_fields = ('name',)
date_hierarchy = 'birth_date'
@admin.register(Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title', 'author', 'genre', 'stock')
list_filter = ('genre', 'publish_date')
search_fields = ('title', 'isbn', 'author__name')
raw_id_fields = ('author',)
date_hierarchy = 'publish_date'
ordering = ('-publish_date',)
4. URL 配置 (`library/urls.py`)
4.1urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from books import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('books/', include('books.urls')),
]
4.2创建 `books/urls.py`
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.BookListView.as_view(), name='book_list'),
path('<int:pk>/', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name='book_detail'),
path('authors/', views.AuthorListView.as_view(), name='author_list'),
path('authors/<int:pk>/', views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(), name='author_detail'),
]
5. 视图实现 (`books/views.py`)
```python
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from .models import Book, Author
class BookListView(ListView):
model = Book
template_name = 'books/book_list.html'
context_object_name = 'books'
paginate_by = 10
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super().get_queryset()
# 添加搜索功能
if 'search' in self.request.GET:
search_term = self.request.GET['search']
queryset = queryset.filter(title__icontains=search_term)
return queryset
class BookDetailView(DetailView):
model = Book
template_name = 'books/book_detail.html'
class AuthorListView(ListView):
model = Author
template_name = 'books/author_list.html'
context_object_name = 'authors'
class AuthorDetailView(DetailView):
model = Author
template_name = 'books/author_detail.html'
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['books'] = self.object.books.all()
return context
```6. 模板文件
`templates/books/book_list.html`:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>图书列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>图书管理系统</h1>
<form method="get">
<input type="text" name="search" placeholder="搜索书名...">
<button type="submit">搜索</button>
</form>
<ul>
{% for book in books %}
<li>
<a href="{{ book.get_absolute_url }}">{{ book.title }}</a>
({{ book.author.name }}) - 库存: {{ book.stock }}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% include "pagination.html" %}
</body>
</html>templates/books/book_detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>{{ book.title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ book.title }}</h1>
<p>Author: {{ book.author }}</p>
<p>Publication date: {{ book.publication_date }}</p>
</body>
</html>