Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE05英文笔记速览版

发布于：2023-01-20 ⋅ 阅读:(130) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE05英文笔记速览版

Interactivity _ Mathematical Animations WITH EASE

前言

这次筛选到了Behackl博士的教程，逐步拆解，更为细腻~
参考视频在此【或请自行搜索上面的英文标题】；
本页中文版传送门【建设中】；

更新【new】：

  • 8月23日
    • 文首标注了“前言”与“正文”；
    • 本系列暂告段落，升级了系列目录，放到了文尾；
  • 后续更新备忘：文中“【建设中】”的内容；欢迎朋友们催更~

首先，国际通则：Just GET STARTED~ JUST DO IT~
此图来自相关网络，侵删

然后，让我们行动起来~
注：
1、代码实践过程根据运行环境及笔记需要略有改动；
2、经过实践理解，加入了一些自己的注释；
3、常见问题及大概率解决方案：

  • Python相关：注意缩进、冒号，中英文字符、大小写；
  • Manim相关：安装与运行环境；
  • Coding相关：检查拼写；

正文

The OpenGL renderer and You

  • Different rendering backend( default: Cairo), can utilize GPU
  • Activate using --renderer=opengl or by setting config.renderer=“openg”
  • Warning: user experience can be somewhat rough
  • OpenGL-Mobjects have a different interface( e.g., they inherit from OpenGLMobject instead of Mobject), but most users facing mobjects( Dot, Axes, …) can ben used without changes
  • (minor) differences for 3D mobjects, camera control, CLI flags
%%manim -v WARNING -qm -p --renderer=opengl OpenGLIntro
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class OpenGLIntro(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        hello_world=Tex("Hello world!").scale(3)
        self.play(Write(hello_world))
        self.play(
            self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(
                theta=-10*DEGREES,
                phi=50*DEGREES
            )
        )
        self.play(FadeOut(hello_world))

%%manim -v WARNING -qm -p --renderer=opengl OpenGLIntro1
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class OpenGLIntro1(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        hello_world=Tex("Hello world!").scale(3)
        self.play(Write(hello_world))
        self.play(
            self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(
                theta=-10*DEGREES,
                phi=50*DEGREES
            )
        )
        self.play(FadeOut(hello_world))
        surface=OpenGLSurface(
            lambda u,v: (u,v,u*np.sin(v)+v*np.cos(u)),
            u_range=(-3,3),
            v_range=(-3,3)
        )
        surface_mesh=OpenGLSurfaceMesh(surface)
        self.play(Create(surface_mesh))
        self.play(FadeTransform(surface_mesh,surface))
        self.wait()



%%manim -v WARNING -qm -p --renderer=opengl OpenGLIntro2
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class OpenGLIntro2(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        hello_world=Tex("Hello world!").scale(3)
        self.play(Write(hello_world))
        self.play(
            self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(
                theta=-10*DEGREES,
                phi=50*DEGREES
            )
        )
        self.play(FadeOut(hello_world))
        surface=OpenGLSurface(
            lambda u,v: (u,v,u*np.sin(v)+v*np.cos(u)),
            u_range=(-3,3),
            v_range=(-3,3)
        )
        surface_mesh=OpenGLSurfaceMesh(surface)
        self.play(Create(surface_mesh))
        self.play(FadeTransform(surface_mesh,surface))
        self.wait()

        light=self.camera.light_source
        self.play(light.animate.shift([0,0,-20]))
        self.play(light.animate.shift([0,0,10]))
        self.play(self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(theta=60*DEGREES))
        self.wait()

Live render preview

  • CLI behavior is a bit different( subject to change):
    • -p / --preview shows a live render preview
    • –write_to_movie must be passed to obtain a file
  • We can interact with the preview window: add
    self.interactive_embed() to end of construct!
  • This halts the preview and spawns an IPython terminal in which further commands can be run -interactive construct
  • Scene class is available as self; until #2669 is resolved use animation methods without self. -play, wait
%%manim -v WARNING -qm -p --renderer=opengl OpenGLIntro3
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class OpenGLIntro3(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        hello_world=Tex("Hello world!").scale(3)
        self.play(Write(hello_world))
        self.play(
            self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(
                theta=-10*DEGREES,
                phi=50*DEGREES
            )
        )
        self.play(FadeOut(hello_world))
        surface=OpenGLSurface(
            lambda u,v: (u,v,u*np.sin(v)+v*np.cos(u)),
            u_range=(-3,3),
            v_range=(-3,3)
        )
        surface_mesh=OpenGLSurfaceMesh(surface)
        self.play(Create(surface_mesh))
        self.play(FadeTransform(surface_mesh,surface))
        self.wait()

        light=self.camera.light_source
        self.play(light.animate.shift([0,0,-20]))
        self.play(light.animate.shift([0,0,10]))
        self.play(self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(theta=60*DEGREES))
        #self.wait()
        self.interactive_embed()

得到如下提示后，可以在对话框内输入命令：
OpenGLIntro3
以下可以逐行测试，体验即时交互模式：

play(self.camera.animate.set_euler_angles(theta=0*DEGREES))

play(FadeOut(surface, shift-np.array([0,0,-2])))

red_sphere=Sphere(color=RED)

play(Create(red_sphere))

play(red_sphere.animate.scale(3))

sphere_mesh=OpenGLSurfaceMesh(red_sphere)

play(Transform(red_sphere, sphere_mesh))

（有可能会坏掉~）

Interacting with the render preview

  • Preview window is a pyglet window, supports interaction- some defaults are implemented
  • Mouse interaction
    • shift+move mouse: move camera( in plane of frame)
    • right mouse button drag: move camera( in XY plane)
    • left mouse button drag: changing camera angles
    • mouse scroll: zoom in and out
  • Keyboard interaction
    • r: reset camera position, q: quit interaction mode

上面代码在执行到最后，可以在窗口窗口中用鼠标和键盘做相应控制（不必多写其它代码）。

Custom interactions: relevant methods and mobjects

  • Mouse:
    • Methods: Scene.on_mouse_motion, Scene.on_mouse_scroll, Scene.on_mouse_drag
    • Mobjects Scene.mouse_point, Scene.mouse_drag_point hold coordinates of mouse on preview window
    • By default middle top of window is [0,4,0], regardless of camera orientation
  • Keyboard methods: Scene.on_key_press, Scene.on_key_release

Custom interactions: Key press example

  • For readability: use pyglet’s key constants
  • Bitwise operations & | for modifier checks
class KeyboardInteract(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ...
        self.interactive_embed()
    
    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
        from pyglet.window import key as pyglet_key
        if symbol == pyglet_key.X:
            # X is pressed
            self.play(...)

        if symbol == pyglet_key.SPACE and modifiers & pyglet_key.MOD_CTRL:
            # CTRL is held down and spacebar is pressed
            self.play(...)

        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)

以下案例需要在.py文件（比如05.py）执行，如果在.ipynb时用-qm，播放窗口分别率和比例都会有些问题（或者改为-qh）：

from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class InteractiveRadius(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        plane=NumberPlane()
        cursor_dot=Dot().move_to(3*RIGHT+2*UP)
        red_circle=Circle(
            radius=np.linalg.norm(cursor_dot.get_center()),
            color=RED
        )
        red_circle.add_updater(
            lambda mob: mob.become(
                Circle(
                    raidus=np.linalg.norm(cursor_dot.get_center()),
                    color=RED
                )
            )
        )
        self.play(Create(plane),Create(red_circle),FadeIn(cursor_dot))
        self.cursor_dot=cursor_dot
        self.interactive_embed()

    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
        from pyglet.window import key as pyglet_key
        if symbol == pyglet_key.G:
            self.play(
                self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.mouse_point.get_center())
            )
        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)

执行后输入以下命令行即可：

manim -qm -p --renderer=opengl 05.py InteractiveRadius

%%manim -v WARNING -qh -p --renderer=opengl  NewtonIteration
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class NewtonIteration(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        self.axes=Axes()
        self.f=lambda x: (x+6)*(x+3)*x*(x-3)*(x-6)/300
        curve=self.axes.plot(self.f, color=RED)
        self.cursor_dot=Dot(color=YELLOW)
        self.play(Create(self.axes),Create(curve),FadeIn(self.cursor_dot))
        self.interactive_embed()

    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
        from pyglet.window import key as pyglet_key
        from scipy.misc import derivative
        if symbol==pyglet_key.P:
            x,y=self.axes.point_to_coords(self.mouse_point.get_center())
            self.play(
                self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.axes.c2p(x,self.f(x)))
            )


        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)



%%manim -v WARNING -qh -p --renderer=opengl  NewtonIteration
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class NewtonIteration(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        self.axes=Axes()
        self.f=lambda x: (x+6)*(x+3)*x*(x-3)*(x-6)/300
        curve=self.axes.plot(self.f, color=RED)
        self.cursor_dot=Dot(color=YELLOW)
        self.play(Create(self.axes),Create(curve),FadeIn(self.cursor_dot))
        self.interactive_embed()

    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
        from pyglet.window import key as pyglet_key
        from scipy.misc import derivative
        if symbol==pyglet_key.P:
            x,y=self.axes.point_to_coords(self.mouse_point.get_center())
            self.play(
                self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.axes.c2p(x,self.f(x)))
            )


        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)

%%manim -v WARNING -qh -p --renderer=opengl  NewtonIteration1
from manim import *
from manim.opengl import *

class NewtonIteration1(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        self.axes=Axes()
        self.f=lambda x: (x+6)*(x+3)*x*(x-3)*(x-6)/300
        curve=self.axes.plot(self.f, color=RED)
        self.cursor_dot=Dot(color=YELLOW)
        self.play(Create(self.axes),Create(curve),FadeIn(self.cursor_dot))
        self.interactive_embed()

    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
        from pyglet.window import key as pyglet_key
        from scipy.misc import derivative
        if symbol==pyglet_key.P:
            x,y=self.axes.point_to_coords(self.mouse_point.get_center())
            self.play(
                self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.axes.c2p(x,self.f(x)))
            )
        if symbol==pyglet_key.I:
            x,y=self.axes.point_to_coords(self.cursor_dot.get_center())
            # Newton iteration: x_new=x-f(x)/f'(x)
            x_new=x-self.f(x)/derivative(self.f,x,dx=0.01)
            curve_point=self.cursor_dot.get_center()
            axes_point=self.axes.c2p(x_new,0)
            tangent=Line(
                curve_point+(curve_point-axes_point)*0.25,
                axes_point+(axes_point-curve_point)*0.25,
                color=YELLOW,
                stroke_width=2,
            )
            self.play(Create(tangent))
            self.paly(self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.axes.c2p(x_new,0)))
            self.play(
                self.cursor_dot.animate.move_to(self.axes.c2p(x_new,self.f(x_new))),
                FadeOut(tangent)
            )



        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)

鼠标移动到窗口任意位置，按P键得到曲线上的点，然后按I键可以做其切线；
常见问题：
1、在视频播放窗口中，按r键可以复位；
2、关闭时，先按q键退出视频窗口，再按Esc键退出Jupyter交互模式；
NewtonIteration1

NewtonIteration1a

NewtonIteration1b

本系列目录【new】

Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE01英文笔记速览版
Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE02英文笔记速览版
Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE03英文笔记速览版
Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE04英文笔记速览版
Manim文档及源码笔记-CE教程BE05英文笔记速览版【本文】

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