【！！！！终极 Java 中间件实战课：从 0 到 1 构建亿级流量电商系统全链路解决方案！！！！保姆级教程---超细】

电商系统架构实战教程

1. 系统架构设计

1.1 系统模块划分

电商系统通常包含以下核心模块：

• 用户服务：用户注册、登录、信息管理
• 商品服务：商品管理、库存管理
• 订单服务：订单创建、支付、物流
• 营销服务：优惠券、促销活动
• 支付服务：对接第三方支付
• 网关服务：统一入口、权限校验
• 后台管理：运营管理界面

1.2 技术选型

• 开发语言：Java 11+
• 框架：Spring Boot 2.7+、Spring Cloud
• 注册中心：Nacos
• 配置中心：Nacos
• 网关：Spring Cloud Gateway
• 服务调用：OpenFeign
• 负载均衡：Ribbon
• 熔断限流：Sentinel
• 消息队列：RocketMQ
• 缓存：Redis
• 数据库：MySQL
• 搜索引擎：Elasticsearch
• 分布式事务：Seata

2. 环境搭建

2.1 开发环境准备

1. 安装JDK 11+
2. 安装Maven 3.6+
3. 安装IntelliJ IDEA
4. 安装Docker和Docker Compose

2.2 基础设施部署

使用Docker Compose部署基础中间件：

version: '3'
services:
  # Nacos服务注册与配置中心
  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:2.0.3
    container_name: nacos
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
    ports:
      - "8848:8848"
      - "9848:9848"
      - "9849:9849"
    volumes:
      - ./nacos/logs:/home/nacos/logs
      - ./nacos/init.d:/home/nacos/init.d

  # Redis缓存
  redis:
    image: redis:6.2.6
    container_name: redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - ./redis/data:/data
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes

  # MySQL数据库
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0.26
    container_name: mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: ecom_db
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

  # RocketMQ消息队列
  rocketmq:
    image: rocketmqinc/rocketmq:4.9.2
    container_name: rocketmq
    ports:
      - "9876:9876"
      - "10909:10909"
      - "10911:10911"
    command: sh mqnamesrv && sh mqbroker -n localhost:9876

  # Elasticsearch搜索引擎
  elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:7.17.3
    container_name: elasticsearch
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    volumes:
      - ./elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

  # Kibana可视化工具
  kibana:
    image: kibana:7.17.3
    container_name: kibana
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch

3. 用户服务开发

3.1 创建Maven项目

首先创建一个基础的Maven项目作为父工程：

<!-- pom.xml -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <groupId>com.ecommerce</groupId>
    <artifactId>ecommerce-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <modules>
        <module>user-service</module>
        <module>product-service</module>
        <module>order-service</module>
        <module>gateway-service</module>
    </modules>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.7.10</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.5</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Boot依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- Spring Cloud依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- MyBatis依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.1</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- Nacos依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.3</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

3.2 创建用户服务模块

<!-- user-service/pom.xml -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ecommerce</groupId>
        <artifactId>ecommerce-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    
    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>
    
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Nacos Discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.3 配置文件

# user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: user-service  # 服务名称
  cloud:
    nacos: