云原生&微服务&devops&项目管理英文表述详解

1.云原生

云原生项目必定涉及到：项目管理、敏捷开发、容器云微服务，devops

CNCF trail map

云原生技术栈路线图

https://landscape.cncf.io/

2. 微服务

单体应用与微服务应用架构区别

• Monolithic applications: Built as a single unified unit, they are easy to operate and manage. However, they require updating the entire application, as any update is required for a part of the service.
• Microservices architecture: A collection of smaller, independent services that are maintained separately. You won’t need to update the entire application to update an individual service.

GraphQL

GraphQL allows clients to specify the needed data, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching

GraphQL is specifically designed as a query language for APIs. Unlike REST APIs, it allows clients to request the data they need, where multiple endpoints return predefined data structures. GraphQL enables more precise and efficient data fetching.

One of GraphQL’s key advantages is that it reduces over-fetching (receiving more data than necessary) and under-fetching (not getting enough data, requiring additional requests).

Key differences: GraphQL and REST

3.容器化&编排

docker

Think of Docker as a container for your application. Like a shipping container holds goods and ensures they can be transported easily, Docker containers hold everything your application needs to run: your Java code, dependencies (like JDK and libraries), and configurations. This ensures that your application behaves consistently across development, testing, and production environments, reducing the “it works on my machine” issues.

For example, suppose you build a Java Spring Boot application. In that case, you can package it into a Docker container and run it on any system with Docker installed without worrying about missing dependencies or operating system differences.

Key Docker components

• Docker Images: A snapshot of your application and its dependencies.
• Docker Containers: Running instances of images.
• Dockerfile: A script that defines and describes the process of building a Docker image.
• Docker Compose: A tool to run multiple containers together (e.g., a database alongside your Java application).
  
  

Kubernetes

Imagine you have many Docker containers running different parts of your application. Managing all these manually would be challenging. This is where Kubernetes comes in.

Kubernetes acts like a container traffic controller, helping manage, scale, and organize multiple Docker containers efficiently. If one container crashes, Kubernetes can restart it automatically. If your app requires more resources due to increased user traffic, Kubernetes can create new containers (scaling up) and remove them when they’re no longer needed (scaling down).

Key Kubernetes concepts

• Pods: The smallest unit in Kubernetes, usually running one or more containers.
• Deployments: A way to define how many container instances should be running.
• Services: Expose your application to users and other system parts.
• Ingress: Manages external access, acting like a load balancer for HTTP traffic.

Containers and Containerization

• Containers are lightweight, portable, and self-sufficient units that package software and its dependencies to run consistently across different environments.
• Docker is a platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
• Building a container image involves writing a Dockerfile that defines the application and its dependencies, then using docker build to create the image.
• Running a container image is done using the docker run command, which creates and starts the container instance.
• Docker objects include images, containers, volumes, networks, and services, which are essential for managing containerized applications.
• Docker architecture follows a client-server model where the Docker client interacts with the Docker daemon to build, run, and manage containers.
• Advantages of containers include:
  • Faster deployment
  • Improved scalability
  • Better resource utilization
  • Consistent application performance across environments

Container Basics

4. DevOps & CI/CD

Terms and Definitions

5.Agile&scrum

• Agile development is an iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback.
• Scrum is a framework within Agile that organizes work into fixed-length iterations called sprints.
• Agile principles focus on customer collaboration, responding to change, delivering working software frequently, and valuing individuals and interactions over processes and tools.
• Agile roles include the Product Owner (defines the product vision), Scrum Master (facilitates the process), and Development Team (delivers the product increment).
• User stories are short, simple descriptions of a feature from the user’s perspective, focusing on the value it provides.
• Story points are units used to estimate the effort required to complete a user story based on complexity and risk.
• The product backlog is a prioritized list of features, bug fixes, and tasks that guide development.
• Sprints are time-boxed iterations where teams work on completing backlog items.
• Stages of a sprint include:
  • Sprint planning
  • Sprint review
  • Sprint retrospective

Glossary: Agile & Scrum

6.PM

HR QA

• What motivated you to apply for this job?
• What attracted you to our job listing?
• Why did you leave your last job?
• What is your ideal working environment?
• What do you know about our company’s product or services?
• What are your expectations about salary and other compensation?

Team leader

• Tell me about a few of the first things you would do in this role.
• Give a few examples of best practices in data analysis as you understand them.
• What’s a data analysis project you would want to work on at our company?
• Tell me about a time you experienced conflict with a colleague and how you resolved it.
• Tell me about a time when your project failed. What did you do and what did you learn?
• Do you prefer to work closely with a team or mostly by yourself?
• How are you motivated?
• How do you start learning about a topic you don’t know about yet?

technical QA

• What coding languages do you know?
• What are some of your favorite data-related tools?
• How do you begin working on a problem you’ve been assigned?
• What do you do when you reach something you don’t understand?
• How do you stay on schedule and manage your time?
• How do you prepare for a presentation?

Solving Coding Challenges –4-step framework

1. Understand and appreciate the problem statement.

• Did you fully understand the problem?
• Do you know what inputs are required?
• Do you know what the desirable output is?
• Does it give you enough information?

2. Break down the problem into functions.

• Define the problem statement into various functions or modules.
• Does each module solve a specific subset of the problem?
• Can the functions/modules be reused?

3. Apply common patterns or language constructs that you already know for the problem.

• Do you see a common pattern that you can use?
• Do you see a loop to use or a language function that might make things easy?
• Pseudocode your proposed solution.

4. Start coding.

• This is the best place to start really coding.
• Ignore difficult parts for now – begin by solving a simpler sub-part.
• Run the code as you work and let errors show you where you can correct the code.
• Start with input gathering, then processing logic, and then output.
• Compare your solution for its accuracy and completeness relative to the problem statement.
• If time permits, optimize he solution by looking at various alternatives to shorten the code or increase its efficiency.

support a salary negotiation are:

• Commute and relocation expenses.
• Having a university degree that may not have been required to apply but provides an academic preparation that will contribute to exceeding job performance expectations.
• Possessing a skillset or certifications that required extensive or costly training, especially if they were stated as preferred qualifications in the job listing.

Check List

• Consider your professional options and decide what type of role to pursue
• Create your resume
• Gather and publish your portfolio to GitHub
• Compose and memorize your elevator pitch
• Draft your basic cover letter
• Create or update your LinkedIn profile
• Line up professional references and get their contact information
• Compose and practice answers for common interview questions
• Write questions you would like to ask interviewers
• Research local meetups and professional organizations for networking
• Ask friends to help you rehearse interviews and critique materials

Elevator pitch(简单自我介绍)