Appium+python自动化（三十二）- PageObject+unittest

kyb_login.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8
from appium import webdriver
import yaml
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
import logging
import logging.config


CON_LOG='../log/log.conf'
logging.config.fileConfig(CON_LOG)
logging=logging.getLogger()


stream=open('../yaml/desired_caps.yaml','r')
data=yaml.load(stream)

desired_caps={}
desired_caps['platformName']=data['platformName']

desired_caps['platformVersion']=data['platformVersion']
desired_caps['deviceName']=data['deviceName']

desired_caps['app']=data['app']
desired_caps['noReset']=data['noReset']

desired_caps['unicodeKeyboard']=data['unicodeKeyboard']
desired_caps['resetKeyboard']=data['resetKeyboard']

desired_caps['appPackage']=data['appPackage']
desired_caps['appActivity']=data['appActivity']

driver = webdriver.Remote('http://'+str(data['ip'])+':'+str(data['port'])+'/wd/hub', desired_caps)

def check_updateBtn():
    logging.info("check_updateBtn")

    try:
        element = driver.find_element_by_id('android:id/button2')
    except NoSuchElementException:
        logging.info('update element is not found!')
    else:
        element.click()


def check_skipBtn():
    logging.info("check_skipBtn")
    try:
        element = driver.find_element_by_id('com.tal.kaoyan:id/tv_skip')
    except NoSuchElementException:
        logging.info('skipBtn element is not found!')
    else:
        element.click()

check_updateBtn()
check_skipBtn()

logging.info('start login...')

driver.find_element_by_id('com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_email_edittext').send_keys('自学网2018')
driver.find_element_by_id('com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_password_edittext').send_keys('zxw2018')
driver.find_element_by_id('com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_login_btn').click()
logging.info('login finished')

案例分析

上面的脚本看似都比较完善，有了log采集，参数配置、启动时页面元素自动检测。但是也存在一些不足之处：

• 公共模块和业务模块混合在一起显得代码冗余等
• 测试场景单一（如果要实现如下测试场景该怎么办？）
• 元素定位属性和代码混杂在一起

以上这些都是需要优化的地方。

重构优化思路
将一些公共的内容（如：check_updateBtn，check_skipBtn,capability）抽离出来。
元素定位方法和元素属性值与业务代码分离
登录功能模块封装为一个独立的模块
使用unittest进行用例综合管理
Page Object
Page Object是Selenium自动化测试项目开发实践的最佳设计模式之一，通过对界面元素的封装减少冗余代码，同时在后期维护中，若元素定位发生变化，只需要调整页面元素封装的代码，提高测试用例的可维护性。

脚本实现
封装App启动配置信息
desired_caps.py

# coding=utf-8
from appium import webdriver
import yaml
import logging
import logging.config

CON_LOG='../log/log.conf'
logging.config.fileConfig(CON_LOG)
logging=logging.getLogger()

def appium_desired():
    file = open('../yaml/desired_caps.yaml', 'r')
    data = yaml.load(file)

    desired_caps={}
    desired_caps['platformName']=data['platformName']
    desired_caps['platformVersion']=data['platformVersion']
    desired_caps['deviceName']=data['deviceName']

    desired_caps['app']=data['app']
    desired_caps['appPackage']=data['appPackage']
    desired_caps['appActivity']=data['appActivity']
    desired_caps['noReset']=data['noReset']

    desired_caps['unicodeKeyboard']=data['unicodeKeyboard']
    desired_caps['resetKeyboard']=data['resetKeyboard']

    logging.info('start app...')
    driver=webdriver.Remote('http://'+str(data['ip'])+':'+str(data['port'])+'/wd/hub',desired_caps)
    driver.implicitly_wait(8)
    return driver

if __name__ == '__main__':
    appium_desired()

记得在原来的yaml配置表desired_caps.yaml补充如下内容：

unicodeKeyboard: True 

resetKeyboard: True

封装基类： 

baseView.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8
class BaseView(object):
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver=driver

    def find_element(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

封装通用公共类

common_fun.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8

from page_object.baseView import BaseView
from page_object.desired_caps import appium_desired
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
import logging
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class Common(BaseView):
    cancelBtn=(By.ID,'android:id/button2')
    skipBtn=(By.ID,'com.tal.kaoyan:id/tv_skip')

    def check_cancelBtn(self):
        logging.info('==========check_cancelBtn=========')
        try:
            cancelBtn = self.driver.find_element(*self.cancelBtn)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            logging.info('no cancelBtn')
        else:
            cancelBtn.click()

    def check_skipBtn(self):
        logging.info('=========check skipBtn=============')

        try:
            skipBtn = self.driver.find_element(*self.skipBtn)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            logging.info('no skipBtn')
        else:
            skipBtn.click()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver=appium_desired()
    com=Common(driver)
    com.check_cancelBtn()
    com.check_skipBtn()

封装登录操作 

loginView.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8
import logging
from page_object.common_fun import Common
from page_object.desired_caps import appium_desired
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class LoginView(Common):
    username_type=(By.ID,'com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_email_edittext')
    password_type=(By.ID,'com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_password_edittext')
    loginBtn=(By.ID,'com.tal.kaoyan:id/login_login_btn')

    def login_action(self,username,password):
        self.check_cancelBtn()
        self.check_skipBtn()

        logging.info('============login_action==============')
        logging.info('username is:%s' %username)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.username_type).send_keys(username)

        logging.info('password is:%s'%password)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password_type).send_keys(password)

        logging.info('click loginBtn')
        self.driver.find_element(*self.loginBtn).click()
        logging.info('login finished!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver=appium_desired()
    l=LoginView(driver)
    l.login_action('程序员的世界你不懂','干')

unittest用例封装

测试场景

使用如下账号进行分别登录测试

1.封装用例启动结束时的配置： 

myunit.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8

import unittest
from page_object.desired_caps import appium_desired
import logging
from time import sleep

class StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        logging.info('=====setUp====')
        self.driver=appium_desired()

    def tearDown(self):
        logging.info('====tearDown====')
        sleep(5)
        self.driver.close_app()

2.用例封装 

test_login.py

代码实现

# coding=utf-8

from unittest.myunit import StartEnd
from page_object.loginView import LoginView
import unittest
import logging

class TestLogin(StartEnd):

    def test_login_bjhg2019(self):
        logging.info('======程序员的世界你不懂=====')
        l=LoginView(self.driver)
        l.login_action('程序员的世界你不懂','干')

    def test_login_bjhg2018(self):
        logging.info('======程序员的世界你不懂=====')
        l=LoginView(self.driver)
        l.login_action('程序员的世界你不懂','测试一下看看')

    def test_login_error(self):
        logging.info('======test_login_error=====')
        l = LoginView(self.driver)
        l.login_action('88888', '222464564')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()