参考程序:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 105;
int a[MAXN][MAXN];
int main() {
int n;
if (!(cin >> n)) return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
cin >> a[i][j];
int layers = n / 2; // 每次处理一圈,外层到里层共有 floor(n/2) 层
// 对每一层做 (right-left) 次四元循环替换
for (int layer = 0; layer < layers; ++layer) {
int top = layer;
int left = layer;
int bottom = n - 1 - layer;
int right = n - 1 - layer;
// 对当前圈上的每一个偏移 i 做一次 4 格循环替换
for (int i = 0; i < right - left; ++i) {
int rTop = top, cTop = left + i;
int rRight = top + i, cRight = right;
int rBottom = bottom, cBottom = right - i;
int rLeft = bottom - i, cLeft = left;
if (layer % 2 == 0) {
// 顺时针 90° (CW):左 -> 上, 下 -> 左, 右 -> 下, 上 -> 右
int tmp = a[rLeft][cLeft];
a[rLeft][cLeft] = a[rBottom][cBottom];
a[rBottom][cBottom] = a[rRight][cRight];
a[rRight][cRight] = a[rTop][cTop];
a[rTop][cTop] = tmp;
} else {
// 逆时针 90° (CCW):上 -> 左, 右 -> 上, 下 -> 右, 左 -> 下
int tmp = a[rTop][cTop];
a[rTop][cTop] = a[rRight][cRight];
a[rRight][cRight] = a[rBottom][cBottom];
a[rBottom][cBottom] = a[rLeft][cLeft];
a[rLeft][cLeft] = tmp;
}
}
}
// 输出结果
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (j) cout << ' ';
cout << a[i][j];
}
cout << '\n';
}
return 0;
}