Concrete is a building material, which refers to the general name of engineering composite materials that are cemented by cementitious materials to form a whole. Features. But the concrete in our country usually refers to using cement as cementitious material, sand and stone as aggregate; it is mixed with water (which may contain admixtures and admixtures) in a certain proportion, and the cement concrete is obtained by stirring, also known as ordinary cement concrete. Concrete is widely used in civil engineering.
There are many types of concrete and various classifications. According to the classification of cementitious materials, it can be divided into inorganic cementitious material concrete (such as cement concrete, gypsum concrete, silicate concrete, water glass concrete, etc.), organic cementitious material concrete (such as asphalt concrete, polymer concrete, etc.); According to the apparent density, it can be divided into heavy concrete, ordinary concrete and lightweight concrete; according to the use function, it can be divided into structural concrete, thermal insulation concrete, decorative concrete, waterproof concrete, refractory concrete, hydraulic concrete, marine concrete, road concrete According to the construction process, it can be divided into centrifugal concrete, vacuum concrete, grouting concrete, shotcrete, roller compacted concrete, extruded concrete, pumped concrete, etc. According to the way of reinforcement, it can be divided into plain (ie unreinforced) concrete, reinforced concrete, steel mesh cement, fiber concrete, prestressed concrete, etc.; according to the workability of the mixture, it can be divided into dry-hard concrete and semi-dry-hard concrete , plastic concrete, fluid concrete, high fluidity concrete, fluid concrete, etc.
As an important structural material for construction engineering, in recent years, with the development of society, the continuous improvement of urbanization rate, and the rapid development of the construction industry, the demand for concrete in my country has continued to increase, thus driving the rapid development of the industry. According to data, the output value of ready-mixed concrete in my country will increase from 601.7 billion yuan in 2016 to 1,146.9 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 17.5%; the output will increase from 2005.1 million cubic meters in 2016 to 2621.4 million cubic meters. , with a compound annual growth rate of 6.9%.
Data source: Concrete Branch of China Construction Industry Association, collated by Guanyantianxia
1. Market demand analysis
At present, my country's concrete demand is mainly concentrated in the start-up end of fixed asset investment, which is mainly divided into two parts: real estate and infrastructure.
(1) Real estate market
Real estate is an important part of my country's national economy. After a period of rapid development, the real estate market has gradually cooled since the implementation of the "height limit order" in 2021. In 2021, my country will adhere to the positioning of "housing to live without speculation", actively and steadily implement the long-term mechanism for real estate, and will not use real estate as a tool and means to stimulate the economy in the short term. The real estate market developed steadily. In 2022, my country's 14th Five-Year Plan clearly pointed out that houses are for living in and not for speculation. It is estimated that in the next 5 years or so, with the urbanization development direction of large urban circles and the promotion of a virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry by city-specific policies, we judge that the demand for concrete in real estate or the regional differentiation is obvious, and the total demand for concrete in real estate is expected to remain generally maintained. constant.
Entering 2022, there is a general shortage of funds in the real estate industry, corporate debt defaults still occur from time to time, and the growth rate of real estate investment continues to decline. Data show that from January to March 2021, my country's real estate development investment was 2,776.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.7%, a decrease of 3 percentage points from January to February.
Data source: National Bureau of Statistics, compiled by Guanyantianxia
At the same time, the prosperity of the real estate industry continued to be low. The data shows that in 2021, the sales area of commercial housing in my country will be 1,794.33 million square meters, an increase of 1.9% over the previous year; an increase of 4.6% over 2019, an average increase of 2.3% over the two years; sales of 18,193 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8% over the same period last year; 13.9%, a two-year average growth of 6.7%. From January to March 2022, the sales area of commercial housing in my country was 310.46 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 13.8%; the sales volume was 2,965.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 22.7%.
Data source: National Bureau of Statistics, compiled by Guanyantianxia
Insufficient sales receipts further aggravated the shortage of funds for housing enterprises; combined with the impact of the domestic epidemic, the availability of workers in some real estate projects was low, and the transportation of construction materials was hindered, so the construction progress was significantly slower than the same period in previous years, and the decline in new housing starts further expanded. Data show that in 2021, the housing construction area of Chinese real estate development enterprises will be 9,753.87 million square meters, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year; the newly started area will be 1,988.95 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 11.4%. From January to March 2022, the housing construction area of my country's real estate development enterprises was 8,062.59 million square meters, a year-on-year increase of 1.0%; the newly started area was 298.38 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 17.5%.
Data source: National Bureau of Statistics, compiled by Guanyantianxia
It can be seen that there has been a significant reduction in newly started projects with a large amount of commercial mixing, which makes the overall demand for concrete in the first quarter of 2022 show a downward trend. Therefore, from January to March 2022, the commercial concrete output of concrete enterprises above designated size is expected to be about 650.43 million cubic meters, a year-on-year decrease of about 7.2%.
(2) Infrastructure market
Infrastructure investment continued to rise. Infrastructure investment is an important engine of economic growth. For a long period of time, my country's infrastructure investment has maintained a high double-digit growth rate. However, since 2018, the growth rate of infrastructure investment has fallen rapidly to single digits. In 2020, due to the impact of the epidemic, the growth rate of infrastructure investment for the whole year is only 0.9%. In the first quarter of 2022, with the effective support of special bonds for infrastructure investment, government support continued to increase. The data shows that in the first quarter of 2022, the cumulative year-on-year growth rates of my country's full-scale infrastructure construction investment and infrastructure construction investment without electricity were 10.5% and 8.5%, respectively, and the growth rate was 1.9 and 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous quarter.
In the long run, from January to March 2022, my country's local governments have issued nearly 1.3 trillion yuan of new special bonds, superimposed on the 1.2 trillion yuan carried over from the fourth quarter of 2021, and the subsequent recovery of the real estate boom. It is expected that local government land fiscal revenue. The decline is expected to gradually narrow, and the capital support for subsequent infrastructure investment is still strong, and there is still room for growth.
With the increasing investment in infrastructure, all localities are also actively promoting the construction of new infrastructure such as transportation, energy, water conservancy and other major engineering projects and information networks, which also brings market demand for concrete. At present, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and other provinces and cities have proposed the construction of infrastructure projects. And judging from the government work reports released by the provinces in 2022, infrastructure construction such as transportation and water conservancy projects accounted for a large proportion of major projects. The above-mentioned construction projects have a large market demand for concrete.
The construction tasks of some major engineering projects in the work reports of the provincial governments in 2022
area
Major construction projects
Zhejiang
Ensure the completion and opening of the Hu-Hangzhou Railway, Hangzhou Airport Rail Express and other projects; promote the construction of the Tongsu-Jiayong Railway and the Yongzhou-Ningbo Railway Project
Anhui
Start the construction of major projects such as the second phase of the Jiangxi Huaihe River and Yangzhou-Maanshan Intercity Railway; accelerate the implementation of major projects such as the Hefei-Xinyi high-speed railway, the reconstruction and expansion of Hefei Xinqiao Airport, and the construction of important flood storage areas in the Huaihe River Basin; accelerate the construction of the Wuhan-Hefei high-speed railway along the river - Shanghai section
Shanghai
Start the construction of rail transit lines such as the Shanghai Demonstration Area Line and the first phase of Line 20, accelerate the construction of rail transit lines such as the Chongming Line and the Airport Connection Line, and start the construction of the Shanghai section of the Shanghai-Chongqing-Rongjiang Railway along the Yangtze River.
Jiangsu
Start the construction of the high-speed railway along the North River, the Tongsu-Jiayong Railway, and the Yantaixi-Changyi Railway;
Shandong
Accelerate the promotion of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail auxiliary passage from Tianjin to Weifang, Xiongshang, Jibin, Jizheng, etc.
Fujian
Accelerate the construction of the Fuxia-Xiamen high-speed railway and the Longyan-Wuping section of the Long-Longlong railway; promote the construction of the Zhangshan high-speed railway, the Wenwu-Ji railway, and the Wuping-Meizhou section of the Longlong railway as soon as possible; Preliminary work such as R1 line
Jiangxi
Construction of Changjiang-Jiangxi Railway and Ruimei Railway Projects started
Henan
Start construction of Xiaolizhuang Station of Zhengzhou Hub, Jiaojiluoping Section of Hunan High-speed Railway, Pingluozhou High-speed Railway, Xiongan-Shangqiu Section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Taiwan High-speed Railway, and Jialuhe-Dengfeng Section of S2 Line; The early stage of the comprehensive upgrading project of the station
Guangxi
Construction of the Nanfang Railway Qinzhou-Fangchenggang section of the second line, Cenxi-Luoding, Hepu-Zhanjiang and other railway projects started; 7 projects including the Guiyang-Nanning Railway and the Fangdong Railway were continued.
Guangdong
Promote the construction of high-speed railways in Guangzhan, Guangshan-Shantou, Shenjiang, Shenshan, Zhuzhao, Meilong, etc.; do a good job in the preliminary work of projects such as Zhangshan, Shennan, Guangzhou-Zhuhai (Australia), Guangqing-Yongshan high-speed railway and Guangzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway new channel; Promote the intercity of Guangfo Ring Road, Guangqing, Shenhui, Guangfo Jiangzhu, etc.
Hubei
Accelerate the construction of 15 railway projects including the high-speed railway along the Yangtze River and the West-Ten High-speed Railway
Hunan
Focus on ten major infrastructure projects such as Changjiang-Jiangxi High-speed Railway and Chang-Yi-Changzhou High-speed Railway
Hainan
Comprehensively promote the construction of Zhanhai high-speed railway and other "fourteen major transportation projects"
Shanxi
Accelerate the construction of high-speed railway projects such as Xiongxin and Jidayuan; strive to start construction of the project to improve the passenger channel capacity of Taiyuan Railway Hub; do a good job in the preliminary work of high-speed railway projects such as Taisui and Changhanliao
Beijing
Accelerate the construction of projects such as the Pinggu Line and the Jingtang (Binan) Intercity Railway to create a "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Railway"
Hebei
Promoting the construction of Shihengcang Port, Jinxing, Changhanliao and other projects
Inner Mongolia
Accelerate the construction of Baoyin and Jidayuan high-speed railways and the electrification of Jitong railways; strive for the early start of construction of E-Yuyan high-speed railways and other projects
Yunnan
Accelerate the construction of key projects such as the Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway; ensure that the Dabao section of the Dali-Ruizhou Railway, the Mi-Mongolia Railway, and the Lixiang Railway are completed and open to traffic; promote the construction of the Dali-Pan and Wen-Mongolian railways
Sichuan
Start the construction of Chengde and Chengmei city (suburban) railways, accelerate the construction of Chengzi city (suburban) railways, and advance the preliminary work of the metropolitan ring railway; For the construction of the Sichuan section of the Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway, strive to meet the conditions for construction of the West-Chongqing high-speed railway; speed up the capacity expansion and reconstruction of the Chengdu-Longchang section and the construction of the Longchang-Xuyong-Bijie railway, intensify the coordinated efforts to promote the construction of the Huangtong-Baise railway, and speed up the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway. Railway and Xicheng Railway Sichuan Section Construction
chongqing
Accelerate the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Middle Line, Yu-Wan, Yu-Kun, Cheng-Da-Wan, the Chongqing-Qianjiang Section of the Chongqing-Xiang High-speed Railway, and the Chongqing East Station; Preliminary construction of Jishou Section and other projects
Guizhou
Speed up the construction of railways from Guiyang to Nanning and Panzhou to Xingyi
Tibet
Support and cooperate with the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway; accelerate the electrification of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Gera Section and Lari Section
Gansu
Strive to start the construction of Xining-Chengdu-Gansu section and Pingliang-Qingyang railway; do a good job in the preliminary work of the Wuwei-Zhangye section of the Lanzhou-Zhangjiakou Line 3 and 4, and the Dingxi-Pingliang railway
Shaanxi
Accelerate the construction progress of major projects of Xiyan high-speed railway and Xikang high-speed railway in an all-round way; actively promote the preliminary work of major projects such as the Yanyu-Hubei high-speed railway
Qinghai
Promote the improvement of Xige section of Xige Railway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Ningxia
Speed up the construction of infrastructure projects such as Baoyin High-speed Railway
Xinjiang
The construction of Yining-Akesu Railway and Jinghe-Alashankou Railway was started
Liaoning
Speed up the construction of Shenbai high-speed railway
Jilin
Promoting the construction process of the Jilin Railway Hub West Ring Project
Heilongjiang
Accelerate the construction of the Beihe-Jiahe Railway; plan to advance the Sun-Wu-Xunke-Wuyiling Railway, and accelerate the preparatory work for the speed-up and reconstruction of the Fujia Railway
Source: 2022 government work report of each province, collated by Guanyantianxia
Although the current government support in our country is strong, due to the outbreak of multiple epidemics in China, the flow of materials and personnel in some important economic zones has been blocked, and the actual project progress has been relatively slow, affecting the landing of infrastructure investment. Affecting concrete market demand.
2. Industry technical analysis
Green and low carbon has become the main theme of development, and green high-performance concrete technology is the development direction of the industry. At present, green and low carbon has become the main theme of the development of all walks of life. In the context of "double carbon", the development of the concrete industry is the top priority. The "Carbon Peak Action Plan before 2030" issued by the State Council on October 26, 2021 clearly proposes to "strengthen the research and development and application of low-carbon building materials such as new cementitious materials, low-carbon concrete, wood and bamboo building materials".
The first appearance of "low carbon concrete" in the documents of the State Council means that the state attaches great importance to the development of the concrete industry, as well as expectations and requirements, not only to undertake the rigid demand for structural engineering materials for national infrastructure construction, but also to undertake national resources, ecological The mission of the environment and sustainable development, and the responsibility for the realization of the "double carbon" goal. For example, controlling and reducing the amount of cement in concrete, using available tunnel slag, construction waste and solid waste to produce sand and gravel aggregates and admixtures, saving energy and resources; improving the durability of concrete and greatly extending the service life of buildings .
High-performance concrete is considered to be the most comprehensive concrete in the world due to its excellent properties such as high durability, high workability, high strength and high volume stability, and has been used in many important projects so far, especially It is in bridges, high-rise buildings, seaport buildings and other projects.
In addition, as the most important building structural material, in addition to its own properties such as high strength, high workability, and high durability, concrete also depends on whether it can become a green material.
In this regard, relevant professionals have analyzed that it is the future development direction of the industry to vigorously promote the wide application of green high-performance concrete technology and strive to achieve the green and durable development of concrete. In recent years, with the remarkable progress of green high-performance concrete theory and technology, scientific and technological achievements have increased, engineering applications are the most, and the technical effect is the best in major projects. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Source: Compiled by Guanyan Tianxia (WW)
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