视频：
MQ基础-01.RabbitMQ课程介绍_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mN4y1Z7t9?p=1&vd_source=d0ea58f1127eed138a4ba5421c577eb1
一、RabbitMQ简介
1.同步调用
优势：时效性强，等待结果后才返回
劣势：拓展性差，性能下降，级联失败问题
2.异步调用
异步调用就是基于消息通知的方式，一般含有三个角色
（1）消息发送者：投递消息的人，原来的调用方
（2）消息代理：管理、暂存、转发消息，可以理解微信服务器
（3）消息接受者：接收和处理消息的人，原来服务提供方
Broker是消息代理
二.RabbitMQ的安装
RabbitMQ是基于Erlang语言开发的开源消息通信中间件，官网地址:RabbitMQ: One broker to queue them all | RabbitMQhttps://www.rabbitmq.com/
三.RabbitMQ入门
（1）登录RabbitMQ后添加队列
（2）交换机先绑定队列名字
（3）交换机发送消息给队列
队列可以查看接收到的消息
四、数据隔离
将Virtual host切换为/
（1）新建一个用户
（2）为用户创建virtual host
（3）测试不同virtual host直接数据隔离现象，通过修改virtual host即可
五、Java客户端
（1）入门示例
1.引入依赖
<!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>2.配置RabbitMQ服务端信息（消费者和生产者都需要配置）
spring:
rabbitmq:
virtual-host: /hamll
port: 5672
host: 192.168.92.136
username: hmall
password: 1233.消息发送方
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
void testSendMessageQueue(){
String queueName = "simple.queue";
String msg = "Hello,amqp";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName,msg);
}
}
4.消息接收方（不断接收消息）
package cn.itcast.mq.listeners;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MqListener {
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenSimpleQueue(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者收到消息:"+msg);
}
}
（2）消费者消息推送限制
（3）Fanout交换机
1.创建hmall.fanout交换机，绑定fanout.queue1和fanout.queue2
2.消息发送方
@Test
void testSendFanout(){
String exchangeName = "hmall.fanout";
String msg = "Hello,everyone!";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,null,msg);
}3.消息接收方
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("消费者1收到消息:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanout2Queue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.err.println("消费者2收到消息:....."+msg);
}（4）Direct交换机
注意：Direct交换机绑定队列时配置Routing Key
如下图所示：
绑定queue1要配置blue和red的Routing Key，而绑定queue2要配置yellow和red的Routing Key
1.创建hmall.direct交换机，绑定direct.queue1和direct.queue2
2.消息发送方
@Test
void testSendDirect(){
String exchangeName = "hmall.direct";
String msg = "Hello,every Direct!";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"blue",msg);
}3.消息接收方
@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue1")
public void listenDirectQueue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("消费者1收到消息:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue2")
public void listenDirect2Queue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.err.println("消费者2收到消息:....."+msg);
}（5）Topic交换机
1.Topic交换机绑定队列
注意：Topic交换机绑定队列时配置Routing Key
2. 消息发送者
@Test
void testSendTopic(){
String exchangeName = "hmall.topic";
String msg = "Hello,every Topic!";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"china.hello",msg);
}3.消息接收方
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.queue1")
public void listenTopicQueue(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者1收到消息:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.queue2")
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
System.err.println("消费者2收到消息:....."+msg);
}（6）声明队列和交换机方式一
两种创建交换机、队列、和绑定队列的方式
package cn.itcast.mq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
// ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("hmall.fanout").build();
return new FanoutExchange("hmall.fanout1");
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue3(){
// QueueBuilder.durable("fanout.queue1").build();
return new Queue("fanout.queue3");
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding3(Queue fanoutQueue3,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue3).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue4(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue4");
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding4(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue4()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
（7）声明队列和交换机方式二
示例代码：
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1",durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red","blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("消费者1收到消息:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "direct.queue2",durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red","yellow"}
))
public void listenDirect2Queue(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.err.println("消费者2收到消息:....."+msg);
}（8）消息转换器
1.添加一个队列，名为object.queue
2.编写单元测试，向队列中发送一条消息，消息的类型为Map
@Test
void testSendObject(){
Map<String, Object> msg = new HashMap<>(2);
msg.put("name","Jack");
msg.put("age",21);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("object.queue",msg);
}3.打开控制台，发现发送来的消息是一串乱码，解决方式如下：
3.1引入依赖：
<!-- Jackson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>3.2配置MessageConverter
@Bean
public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}