在Linux中部署tomcat

tomcat

tomcatA

[root@tomcatA ~]# dnf install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -y


#从网上下载tomcat包，然后解包即可
[root@tomcatA ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz
[root@tomcatA ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcatA ~]# cd /usr/local/

#重命名目录名（不是必须）
[root@tomcatA local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.107/ tomcat
[root@tomcatA local]# cd tomcat/
[root@tomcatA tomcat]# ls
bin  BUILDING.txt  conf  CONTRIBUTING.md  lib  LICENSE  logs  NOTICE  README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  temp  webapps  work
[root@tomcatA tomcat]# cd bin/
[root@tomcatA bin]# ls
bootstrap.jar       ciphers.sh                    daemon.sh     setclasspath.bat  startup.sh            version.bat
catalina.bat        commons-daemon.jar            digest.bat    setclasspath.sh   tomcat-juli.jar       version.sh
catalina.sh         commons-daemon-native.tar.gz  digest.sh     shutdown.bat      tomcat-native.tar.gz
catalina-tasks.xml  configtest.bat                makebase.bat  shutdown.sh       tool-wrapper.bat
ciphers.bat         configtest.sh                 makebase.sh   startup.bat       tool-wrapper.sh
[root@tomcatA bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin                                                         /tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.




[root@tomcatA bin]# netstat -antlupe | grep 80
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      0          58326      30388/java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      0          58314      30388/java

测试访问

tomcatB

[root@tomcatB ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz
[root@tomcatB ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcatB ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcatB local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.107  etc    include  lib64    sbin   src
bin                    games  lib      libexec  share
[root@tomcatB local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.107/ tomcat
[root@tomcatB local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src  tomcat
[root@tomcatB local]# cd tomcat/
[root@tomcatB tomcat]# cd bin/
[root@tomcatB bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.

[root@tomcatB bin]# ss -tunlp | grep 80
tcp   LISTEN 0      1      [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005            *:*    users:(("java",pid=30153,fd=67))
tcp   LISTEN 0      100                     *:8080            *:*    users:(("java",pid=30153,fd=57))

制作启动文件

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
JAVA_HOME=/etc/alternatives/jre

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@tomcatA ~]# useradd -s /bin/false -M tomcat
[root@tomcatB ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M tomcat
[root@tomcatA ~]# chown tomcat.tomcat -R /usr/local/tomcat/


[root@tomcatA/B ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin/
[root@tomcatA/B bin]# ./shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:

[root@tomcatA/B bin]# netstat -antlupe | grep java

[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl enable --now tomcat
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-07-30 11:27:04 CST; 9s ago
    Process: 30951 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 30960 (java)
      Tasks: 32 (limit: 22964)
     Memory: 110.2M
        CPU: 1.751s
     CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
             └─30960 /etc/alternatives/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.uti>

Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA startup.sh[30951]: Tomcat started.
Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.

[root@tomcatB bin]# systemctl enable tomcat.service --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@tomcatB bin]# systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-07-30 11:28:26 CST; 6s ago
    Process: 30615 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 30623 (java)
      Tasks: 32 (limit: 22964)
     Memory: 109.2M
        CPU: 1.842s
     CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
             └─30623 /etc/alternatives/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager>

Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB startup.sh[30615]: Tomcat started.
Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.

单机

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
[root@tomcatB ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now

[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
server {
    listen      80;
    server_name www.vb.org;
    location ~ \.jsp$ {
        proxy_pass http://172.25.254.10:8080;
    }

}

多机负载均衡

ip_hash

虽然对于ip进行哈希也能做到负载均衡，但是要考虑到对ip进行哈希时，可能存在由一个路由上携带同一ip集中统一多用户需求

hash $cookie_JSESSIONID — 基于cookie值的会话保持

所以对于ip哈希进行改进，我们可以观察到cookie值是会统一发放的，而且是唯一的，并且我们还可以结合JSESSIONID进行会话绑定。

[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
upstream tomcat{
    hash $cookie_JSESSIONID;
    server 172.25.254.10:8080;
    server 172.25.254.20:8080;
}
server {
    listen      80;
    server_name www.vb.org;
    location ~ \.jsp$ {
        #proxy_pass http://172.25.254.10:8080;
        proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    }
}

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# unzip jar.zip
Archive:  jar.zip
   creating: jar/
  inflating: jar/asm-5.2.jar
  inflating: jar/kryo-3.0.3.jar
  inflating: jar/kryo-serializers-0.45.jar
  inflating: jar/memcached-session-manager-2.3.2.jar
  inflating: jar/memcached-session-manager-tc9-2.3.2.jar
  inflating: jar/minlog-1.3.1.jar
  inflating: jar/msm-kryo-serializer-2.3.2.jar
  inflating: jar/objenesis-2.6.jar
  inflating: jar/reflectasm-1.11.9.jar
  inflating: jar/spymemcached-2.12.3.jar
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# mv jar/* /usr/local/tomcat/lib/

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl restart tomcat.service
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service

交叉存储memcache

解决当用户正在访问时，用户的session绑定的服务器下线时，避免在nginx调配去另一服务器时，用户提交的表格信息等丢失或清空。

在tomcatA/B主机上

都要下载memcached

并且配置memcached的配置文件

[root@tomcatA/B ~]# dnf install memcached -y
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1"
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl restart memcached.service

在tomcatA服务器1中配置

[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml
<Context>

    <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the    -->
    <!-- web application will be reloaded.                                   -->
    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource>

    <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts -->
    <!--
    <Manager pathname="" />
    -->
    <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
        memcachedNodes="n1:172.25.254.10:11211,n2:172.25.254.20:11211"
        failoverNodes="n1"
        requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"
        transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory"
    />
</Context>

[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml

我们关闭10上的tomcat来模拟10主机下线

然后当我们在浏览器继续提交表格信息时，会自动切换到20主机上并且还会读取到之前用户填写的信息。

"
requestUriIgnorePattern=“.*.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$”
transcoderFactoryClass=“de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory”
/>

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[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml

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我们关闭10上的tomcat来模拟10主机下线

然后当我们在浏览器继续提交表格信息时，会自动切换到20主机上并且还会读取到之前用户填写的信息。

[外链图片转存中...(img-KJjgsubf-1754927283647)]